Social Proof vs Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: Number of Employees Who Opened Emails After 3 Days
Calculated by ConductScience from the counts the trial posted to ClinicalTrials.gov.
Measures 6
Calculated by ConductScience from the counts the trial posted to ClinicalTrials.gov.
| Measure | Value | 95% interval, lower | 95% interval, upper | Method | Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk in group 1 | 0.463 | 0.446 | 0.48 | wilson | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Risk in group 2 | 0.438 | 0.421 | 0.456 | wilson | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Risk difference, group 1 minus group 2 | 0.0249 | 0.000455 | 0.0492 | newcombe hybrid score | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Risk ratio, group 1 over group 2 | 1.06 | 1 | 1.12 | log | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Odds ratio, group 1 over group 2 | 1.11 | 1 | 1.22 | log | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Number needed to treat, for one more participant with the outcome on Social Proof than on Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions | 40.2 | 20.3 | 2,200 | from the risk difference interval | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Groups 2
Neither group, or both, names a comparator, so the groups keep ClinicalTrials.gov's order.
| Group | Title | Description | With the outcome | Analysed | ClinicalTrials.gov code | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Social Proof | This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.~Social Proof: Email~Scarcity Message: Email | 1,481 | 3,198 | OG000 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Group 2 | Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions | This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.~Reframing: Email~Scarcity Message: Email | 1,398 | 3,190 | OG001 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcome 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Type | SECONDARY | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Title | Number of Employees Who Opened Emails After 3 Days | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Description | Binary variable indicating whether the employee opened the email 3 days after the emails were sent | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Time frame | 3 days | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Population | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Trial 8
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Emails Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT04728594 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | NA | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Vaccination Refusal, Communication | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | Social Proof, Reframing, Scarcity Message | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | Geisinger Clinic | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results first posted | 2021-07-26 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov | https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04728594?tab=results | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Source 4
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trial-comparisons-2026-03-23-0.1.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | f66225897fbf258b57ea10bdacfd0347d3cdfda93f7f5685234b7e06ea36fa57 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| AACT copy | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Tables read | outcome_counts.parquet, outcome_measurements.parquet, outcomes.parquet, reported_event_totals.parquet, reported_events.parquet, result_groups.parquet, studies.parquet, ctgov_trial.parquet | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trial-comparisons-2026-03-23-0.1.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions. The measures are ConductScience's calculation from them.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions. The measures are ConductScience's calculation from them.