Paper · 89088

Isolation and characterization of homogeneous heat-labile enterotoxins with high specific activity from Escherichia coli cultures.

Clements JD and 1 other. Infect Immun, 1979. Cited by 296 papers, by iCite.

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ConductScience Library. Isolation and characterization of homogeneous heat-labile enterotoxins with high specific activity from Escherichia coli cultures. Papers, record 89088. Release papers-2026-11-12-0.1.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/papers/89088

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Paper

PubMed's record of the paper, with iCite's citation figures. No abstract is shown.

Title: Isolation and characterization of homogeneous heat-labile enterotoxins with high specific activity from Escherichia coli cultures.; PubMed
Journal: Infect Immun; PubMed
Year: 1979; PubMed
Publication types: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; PubMed
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/89088/; PubMed
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.24.3.760-769.1979; PubMed
PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC414371/; PubMed
The journal: https://conductscience.org/library/journal-index/0246127; PubMed
Citations, by iCite: 296; iCite
Relative citation ratio, by iCite: 9.79; iCite
Revised in PubMed: 2021-05-26; PubMed

Authors2

The authors in the order PubMed's record lists them, with the ORCID iDs it states.

Order	Author	Forename	Kind	ORCID iD
1	Clements JD	J D
2	Finkelstein RA	R A

Source PubMed

Topics9

NLM's MeSH indexing of the paper, its major topics first.

MeSH term	Major
Bacterial Toxins	Major topic
Enterotoxins	Major topic
Escherichia coli	Major topic
Amino Acids
Animals
Biological Assay
Cholera Toxin
Epitopes
Rabbits

Source PubMed

Grants0

Each grant PubMed's record writes, matched to the NIH project NIH's grant and paper links name for this paper, and each of those links the record does not write.

None in this release.

Trials0

The trials whose ClinicalTrials.gov record lists the paper, and the trial numbers the paper's PubMed record names.

None in this release.

Comments and corrections0

PubMed's comments and corrections, NLM's own indexing: retractions first, then expressions of concern, errata and updates, and comments last.

None in this release.

References22

The papers the reference list in PubMed's record names, those in our copy of PubMed, in the list's order.

Order	PMID	Title	Journal	Year	In Papers	Source
1	3,214	The arrangement of subunits in cholera toxin.	Biochemistry	1976	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/3214	PubMed
2	83,301	Demonstration of shared and unique immunological determinants in enterotoxins from Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli.	Infect Immun	1978	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/83301	PubMed
3	103,838	Purification of heat-labile enterotoxin from four Escherichia coli strains by affinity immunoadsorbent: evidence for similar subunit structure.	Infect Immun	1978	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/103838	PubMed
4	241,754	Escherichia coli enterotoxin. Purification and partial characterization.	J Biol Chem	1975	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/241754	PubMed
5	361,573	Immunological cross-reactivity between a heat-labile enterotoxin(s) of Escherichia coli and subunits of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.	Infect Immun	1978	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/361573	PubMed
6	786,881	Partial purification and characterization of a heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli.	Infect Immun	1976	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/786881	PubMed
7	803,978	Studies on toxinogenesis in Vibrio cholerae. III. Characterization of nontoxinogenic mutants in vitro and in experimental animals.	J Clin Invest	1975	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/803978	PubMed
8	942,051	A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.	Anal Biochem	1976	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/942051	PubMed
9	955,672	Subunit structure and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the three chains of cholera enterotoxin.	Immunochemistry	1976	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/955672	PubMed
10	1,089,601	Test for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using Y-1 adrenal cells in miniculture.	Infect Immun	1975	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/1089601	PubMed

1 to 10 of 22

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Cited by151

The papers in our copy of PubMed whose reference list names this one, newest first. iCite, which reads more sources, counts 296 citations.

PMID	Title	Journal	Year	In Papers	Source
42,088,495	The case for evaluation of double mutant heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant to improve oral cholera vaccine immunogenicity.	Front Immunol	2026	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/42088495	PubMed
41,727,468	MVA-Spike encoding the A subunit of dmLT safely enhances systemic and mucosal immune responses.	Front Immunol	2026	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41727468	PubMed
40,788,160	ETEC biofilms are regulated by magnesium and lactate bioavailability.	Infect Immun	2025	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/40788160	PubMed
37,258,506	Establishment of isotype-switched, antigen-specific B cells in multiple mucosal tissues using non-mucosal immunization.	NPJ Vaccines	2023	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/37258506	PubMed
31,427,449	Intradermal or Sublingual Delivery and Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Proteins Shape Immunologic Responses to a CFA/I Fimbria-Derived Subunit Antigen Vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.	Infect Immun	2019	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/31427449	PubMed
30,045,966	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT.	mSphere	2018	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/30045966	PubMed
27,735,786	Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.	EcoSal Plus	2016	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/27735786	PubMed
26,754,836	Case-control study of pathogens involved in piglet diarrhea.	BMC Res Notes	2016	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/26754836	PubMed
26,305,793	Evaluating the A-Subunit of the Heat-Labile Toxin (LT) As an Immunogen and a Protective Antigen Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).	PLoS One	2015	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/26305793	PubMed
25,287,923	Simultaneous exposure to Escherichia coli heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins increases fluid secretion and alters cyclic nucleotide and cytokine production by intestinal epithelial cells.	Infect Immun	2014	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/25287923	PubMed

1 to 10 of 151

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Genes0

The genes the Gene search release ties to the paper: Swiss-Prot's references first, then PubTator's text mining.

None in this release.

Drugs0

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None in this release.

Data0

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None in this release.

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

PubMed: 2026-11-06; PubMed
iCite: 2026-11-05; iCite
PMC's ID file: 2026-11-05; PMC's ID file
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links: 2026-11-01; NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
Trials: 2026-11-12
Gene search: 2026-11-11
Pipelines: 2026-09-18

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ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
HGNCCC0
iCiteCC BY 4.0
NCBI GenePublic domain (US government)
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain
Open TargetsCC0 1.0
PMC's ID filePublic domain (US government)
PubMedNLM's terms
PubTator 3Public domain
UniProtCC BY 4.0

Each source's terms

ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
HGNCCC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
iCiteCC BY 4.0
NCBI GeneNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PMC's ID fileNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
PubMedNLM's terms
PubTator 3Public domain
UniProtCC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

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