Trial · NCT01352637

Enhancing Exposure Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure With a Cognitive Enhancer

NCT01352637, Phase 3, Completed, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; results first posted 2019-07-02

3 sourcestrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0

Cite this record

ConductScience Library. Enhancing Exposure Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure With a Cognitive Enhancer. Trials, record NCT01352637. Release trials-2026-11-12-0.5.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/trials/NCT01352637

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Trial

As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.

Title: Enhancing Exposure Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure With a Cognitive Enhancer
NCT number: NCT01352637
Status: Completed
Phases: Phase 3
Enrollment: 192 participants, actual
Lead sponsor: Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Conditions: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Interventions: DCS (D-Cycloserine ) + Prolonged Imaginal Exposure, DCS (D-Cycloserine ) + Virtual Reality Exposure, Placebo + Prolonged Imaginal Exposure, Placebo (sugar pill) + Virtual Reality Exposure
First posted: 2011-05-12
Last updated: 2019-07-02
Results first posted: 2019-07-02

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Registered outcomes1

Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

List	Outcome	Time frame	Description
Primary	CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	after weekly treatment session 9 (at posttreatment assessment)	Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) for the DSM-IV \[34\]. The CAPS-IV is a structured clinical interview designed to assess the 17 DSM-IV PTSD symptoms. CAPS-IV provides categorical ratings of diagnostic status as well as a quantitative index of symptom severity. The CAPS total severity score is based on response to the 17 items that assess the frequency and intensity of current PTSD symptoms. Symptom severity is assessed separately for past month and past week time frames. CAPS-IV range is 0-136, higher scores mean a worse outcome.

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Outcomes1

Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

Type	Outcome	Time frame	Population	Units	Measured as
PRIMARY	CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	after weekly treatment session 9 (at posttreatment assessment)	Total sample size is n=192. Randomization allocation ratio was 1:1:1:1 to VRE vs. PE and DCS vs. placebo.~Study had 2 co-primary aims to examine:~1. the effects of DCS (n=95) vs placebo (n=97) augmentation of exposure therapy~2. the relative efficacy of VRE (n=97) and PE (n=95) on PTSD symptoms.	units on a scale	MEAN

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Results by group4

Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.

Outcome	Group	Value	Spread	Units
CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	52.42	Standard Deviation 26.55	units on a scale
CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	50.61	Standard Deviation 25.22	units on a scale
CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	54.20	Standard Deviation 26.72	units on a scale
CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment	Drug: Placebo	48.59	Standard Deviation 24.71	units on a scale

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Participant flow24

How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.

Period	Milestone	Group	Participants
Exposure Therapy	STARTED	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	97
Exposure Therapy	STARTED	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	95
Exposure Therapy	STARTED	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0
Exposure Therapy	STARTED	Drug: Placebo	0
Exposure Therapy	COMPLETED	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	70
Exposure Therapy	COMPLETED	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	62
Exposure Therapy	COMPLETED	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0
Exposure Therapy	COMPLETED	Drug: Placebo	0
Exposure Therapy	NOT COMPLETED	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	27
Exposure Therapy	NOT COMPLETED	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	33

1 to 10 of 24Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 24 participant flow

Adverse events12

Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.

Type	Event	Organ system	Group	Affected	At risk	Events
serious	Hospitalization	Infections and infestations	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97	0
serious	Hospitalization	Infections and infestations	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	1	95	1
serious	Hospitalization	Infections and infestations	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0	95	0
serious	Hospitalization	Infections and infestations	Drug: Placebo	0	97	0
serious	Hospitalization	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97	0
serious	Hospitalization	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	1	95	1
serious	Hospitalization	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0	95	0
serious	Hospitalization	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Drug: Placebo	0	97	0
serious	Hopitalization	Injury, poisoning and procedural complications	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97	0
serious	Hopitalization	Injury, poisoning and procedural complications	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	1	95	1

1 to 10 of 12Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 12 adverse events

Adverse event totals12

The totals the trial posted for each group.

Total	Group	Affected	At risk
Total, all-cause mortality	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97
Total, all-cause mortality	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	0	95
Total, all-cause mortality	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0	95
Total, all-cause mortality	Drug: Placebo	0	97
Total, other adverse events	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97
Total, other adverse events	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	0	95
Total, other adverse events	Drug: D-Cycloserine (DCS)	0	95
Total, other adverse events	Drug: Placebo	0	97
Total, serious adverse events	Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)	0	97
Total, serious adverse events	Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE)	3	95

1 to 10 of 12Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 12 adverse event totals

Papers2

The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.

PMID	Listed as	Source
31669451	DERIVED	PubMed
35896533	DERIVED	PubMed

Grants0

The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.

None in this release.

Trial comparisons0

Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.

None in this release.

Tests0

The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.

None in this release.

Data dates

The day each source was copied for this release.

ClinicalTrials.gov: 2026-11-12; ClinicalTrials.gov
Results, from AACT: 2026-03-23; AACT
NIH grant links: 2026-11-13; NIH RePORTER

Sources 3

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain

Each source's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

For software

Read this trial from software.

The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.

GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT01352637

GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT01352637/flow?page=2

API reference For AI assistants