Trial · NCT01984164

CAndesartan vs LIsinopril Effects on the BRain

NCT01984164, Phase 2, Completed, Emory University; results first posted 2021-02-21

3 sourcestrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0

Cite this record

ConductScience Library. CAndesartan vs LIsinopril Effects on the BRain. Trials, record NCT01984164. Release trials-2026-11-12-0.5.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/trials/NCT01984164

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Trial

As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.

Title: CAndesartan vs LIsinopril Effects on the BRain
NCT number: NCT01984164
Status: Completed
Phases: Phase 2
Enrollment: 176 participants, actual
Lead sponsor: Emory University
Conditions: Hypertension, Mild Cognitive Impairment
Interventions: Candesartan, Lisinopril
First posted: 2013-11-14
Last updated: 2021-02-21
Results first posted: 2021-02-21
Limitations and caveats: A limitation of this study is its 1-year study period. Additional limitations include the relatively small sample size, which limited our power to correct for multiple comparisons.

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Registered outcomes8

Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

List	Outcome	Time frame	Description
Primary	Executive Function	12 months	Executive function will be assessed using Trail Making Test (part B-A). Part A was collected to correct for motor speed and visual-perceptual demands on TMT by subtracting completion time for TMT Part A from completion time for Part B (TMT B - A). TMT Part B-A provides a relatively purer measure of executive functioning. It has a timed scale from 0 sec (min) to 300 secs (max). Along this scale, a lower score is better.
Primary	NINDS-initiated EXecutive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research or "EXAMINER" Tool Box.	12 months	EXecutive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research or "EXAMINER" tool box. This test batteryThe battery includes 11 tasks that generate 15 primary variables. Within this set, the EXAMINER includes: working memory, inhibition, set shifting, and fluency. The parts of EXAMINER that were used for this study include: Flanker task (inhibition) which involves responding to a central stimulus while ignoring flanking stimuli that are either compatible or incompatible with the central stimulus; Set-shifting, a measure of mental flexibility; Spatial 1-Back test assesses spatial working memory; Dot Counting test assesses verbal working memory; Verbal Fluency tested using a List Generation test which require the participant to generate words beginning with a specific letter, and category fluency in which the participant generates words from a specified category (e.g., animals, fruits). Higher are reflective of better executive function (-1 to +1)
Secondary	Memory	12 months	To assess episodic memory, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) will be used. The retention (%) score is calculated by dividing the delayed recall trial by the higher of 3 learning trials. Each trial scores 0 (min) to 12 (max). The HVLT-R retention score is a percentage, and a higher percentage represents a better outcome.
Secondary	Language	12 months	This will be measured using the Boston Naming Test. BNT is a neuropsychological test used to assess visual confrontation naming and language performance in participants with cognitive decline. Its short 15-item version consists of drawings of objects ranging from common objects to less familiar objects. Scale: 0 (min score) to 15 (max score). For this test, a higher score/response represents a better outcome.
Secondary	Attention Measured Using Digit Span Backward	12 months	The Digit Span test is a subtest of both the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS). For the digit span backwards, subjects are read a sequence of numbers and asked to repeat the same sequence back to the examiner in reverse order (backward span). Backward span is an executive task particularly dependent on working memory. The Digit Span backward is scored for backwards performance. Scale: 0 (minimum) to 16 (maximum). A higher score represents a better outcome.
Secondary	White Matter Lesion Volume	12 months	White Matter Lesion volume: high-resolution anatomical images are acquired for the measurement of microvascular disease. WMH volumes will be obtained from Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging sequence and reported as total volume (in mm3). Higher values means greater WMH
Secondary	Cerebral Perfusion	12 months	ASL-MRI: Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI is non-invasive measure of perfusion that does not require contrast, and allows multiple brain regions mapping of perfusion and reserve. ASL-MRI provides measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Higher values indicates higher CBF.
Secondary	Attention Measured Using Digit Span Forward	12 months	This will be measured using Digit Span Forward. The Digit Span test is a subtest of both the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS). For the digit span forward, subjects are read a sequence of numbers and asked to repeat the same sequence back to the examiner in the correct order (forward span). Forward span captures attention efficiency and capacity. The Digit Span forward is scored for forwards performance. Scale: 0 (minimum) to 16 (maximum). A higher score represents a better outcome.

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Outcomes8

Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

Type	Outcome	Time frame	Population	Units	Measured as
PRIMARY	Executive Function	12 months		seconds	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
PRIMARY	NINDS-initiated EXecutive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research or EXAMINER Tool Box.	12 months		units on a scale	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	Memory	12 months		percentage of retention	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	Language	12 months		number of correct responses	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	Attention Measured Using Digit Span Backward	12 months		Number of correct responses	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	White Matter Lesion Volume	12 months	Of 176 randomized participants, 27 did not complete an MRI scan at baseline (15 had metal implants with either pacemaker, stent, or inferior vena cava filter and 12 were claustrophobic). Of 141 participants who returned for their 12-month visit, an additional 8 participants refused to have a follow-up MRI. The final sample with both baseline and 12-month MRI was 104 participants (73.8%), including 51 participants in the candesartan group and 53 participants in the lisinopril group.	mm^3	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	Cerebral Perfusion	12 months	Of 176 randomized participants, 27 did not complete an MRI scan at baseline (15 had metal implants with either pacemaker, stent, or inferior vena cava filter and 12 were claustrophobic). Of 141 participants who returned for their 12-month visit, an additional 8 participants refused to have a follow-up MRI. The final sample with both baseline and 12-month MRI was 104 participants (73.8%), including 51 participants in the candesartan group and 53 participants in the lisinopril group.	ml/100g/min	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN
SECONDARY	Attention Measured Using Digit Span Forward	12 months		Number of correct responses	LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Results by group16

Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.

Outcome	Group	Value	Spread	Units
Executive Function	Candesartan	87.23	Standard Error 5.46	seconds
Executive Function	Lisinopril	111.37	Standard Error 5.89	seconds
NINDS-initiated EXecutive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research or EXAMINER Tool Box.	Candesartan	0.07	Standard Error 0.07	units on a scale
NINDS-initiated EXecutive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research or EXAMINER Tool Box.	Lisinopril	0.25	Standard Error 0.07	units on a scale
Memory	Candesartan	82.71	Standard Error 3.26	percentage of retention
Memory	Lisinopril	79.47	Standard Error 3.39	percentage of retention
Language	Candesartan	13.42	Standard Error 0.18	number of correct responses
Language	Lisinopril	13.84	Standard Error 0.18	number of correct responses
Attention Measured Using Digit Span Backward	Candesartan	5.14	Standard Error 0.25	Number of correct responses
Attention Measured Using Digit Span Backward	Lisinopril	5.16	Standard Error 0.26	Number of correct responses

1 to 10 of 16Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 16 results by group

Participant flow6

How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.

Period	Milestone	Group	Participants
Overall Study	STARTED	Candesartan	87
Overall Study	STARTED	Lisinopril	89
Overall Study	COMPLETED	Candesartan	77
Overall Study	COMPLETED	Lisinopril	64
Overall Study	NOT COMPLETED	Candesartan	10
Overall Study	NOT COMPLETED	Lisinopril	25

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Adverse events56

Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.

Type	Event	Organ system	Group	Affected	At risk	Events
other	Cough	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Candesartan	7	87	7
other	Cough	Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	Lisinopril	24	89	24
other	Headache	General disorders	Candesartan	18	87	18
other	Headache	General disorders	Lisinopril	22	89	22
other	Dizziness	General disorders	Candesartan	15	87	15
other	Dizziness	General disorders	Lisinopril	14	89	14
other	Edema	General disorders	Candesartan	13	87	13
other	Edema	General disorders	Lisinopril	12	89	12
other	General Pain	General disorders	Candesartan	7	87	7
other	General Pain	General disorders	Lisinopril	9	89	9

1 to 10 of 56Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 56 adverse events

Adverse event totals6

The totals the trial posted for each group.

Total	Group	Affected	At risk
Total, all-cause mortality	Candesartan	0	87
Total, all-cause mortality	Lisinopril	0	89
Total, other adverse events	Candesartan	87	87
Total, other adverse events	Lisinopril	89	89
Total, serious adverse events	Candesartan	0	87
Total, serious adverse events	Lisinopril	0	89

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Papers1

The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.

PMID	Listed as
32761160	DERIVED

Source PubMed

Grants1

The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.

Project	Title	Principal investigators	Organization	Funder	Fiscal years
R01AG042127	Hypertension angiotensin receptor blockers and cognition: effects and mechanism	HAJJAR, IHAB M	EMORY UNIVERSITY	NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING	2012 to 2017

Source NIH RePORTER

Trial comparisons2

Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.

Comparison	Source
Candesartan vs Lisinopril: deaths from any cause	Trial comparisons
Candesartan vs Lisinopril: serious adverse events	Trial comparisons

Tests8

The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.

Test	Named as	Source
1-Back Task	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Category Fluency	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Eriksen Flanker Task	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Trail Making Test B	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Verbal Fluency	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Digit Span Test	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition
Picture Naming Test	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition
Verbal Learning	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition

Data dates

The day each source was copied for this release.

ClinicalTrials.gov: 2026-11-12; ClinicalTrials.gov
Results, from AACT: 2026-03-23; AACT
NIH grant links: 2026-11-13; NIH RePORTER

Sources 3

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain

Each source's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

For software

Read this trial from software.

The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.

GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT01984164

GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT01984164/events?page=2

API reference For AI assistants