INSIGHT, A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Brain Training System
NCT02780739, Not applicable, Completed, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Trial 10
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | INSIGHT, A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Brain Training System | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT02780739 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Status | Completed | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | Not applicable | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Enrollment | 521 participants, actual | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Cognitive Ability, General | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | Cognitive Training - 48 sessions, Fitness, Active Control, active tDCS, sham tDCS, Cognitive Training - 20 sessions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| First posted | 2016-05-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Last updated | 2016-05-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Registered outcomes 40
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Bochum Matrices Test | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | BOMAT is a non-verbal, one-dimensional neuropsychological test of Gf. The test consists of a series of 5x3 matrices of patternswith each matrix missing one field. The participant selects one of six possible answers that complete the matrix. The problems range from simple to complex and are all in black-and-white. Participants complete a 15-min practice and have 45 min to complete as many problems as they can (29 total). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Letter Sets | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This test is a measure of Gf. For each problem of the Letter Sets task, the participant is shown 5 sets of letters, with 4 letters in each set. Four of the sets of letters follow a rule, while the fifth set of letters is different from the rest. With the exception of sounds of the sets of letters, shapes of the letters, or potential word formation of the letters, the participant must determine which rule applies to 4 of the letter sets and indicate the 1 letter set that doesn't fit. Participants have 7 minutes to complete as many problems as they can (15 total), with each problem getting progressively more difficult. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Number Series | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This test is a measure of Gf. Participants are shown a series of arithmetic number series and need to select the next number in the series from 5 possible answers at the bottom of the screen. The participant is given 5 practice problems at the beginning of instruction, and must complete as many problems as possible in 5 min (10 total). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Rotation Span | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a test of working memory. Participants must remember a series of arrows presented (16 possible arrows varying in length and direction), while maintaining accuracy on an interleaved letter rotation task (determining if a letter is facing the correct direction after rotation). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Symmetry Span | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a test of working memory. Participants must remember a series of blocks presented (from a 4x4 grid) while maintaining accuracy on an interleaved symmetry judgment task. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Reading Span | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a test of working memory. Participants must remember a series of words presented (18 possible 4-letter words) while maintaining accuracy on an interleaved task where they judge sensible or nonsensical sentences. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Garavan | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | The Garavan task is a serial attention task that measures executive function, specifically task-switching ability. Participants are presented with a series of large and small squares, 10 series/trial in total. Subjects must keep a mental count of how many large and small squares have been presented. For each square, the participant rapidly updates this mental count and then presses the spacebar to see the next square. At the end of the sequence (length is random), a response screen appears and participants report their final count of large and small squares. On a given trial, 11-15 updates are made. Dependent measures are response time for consecutive trials of the same type (no-switch RT) and response time for consecutive trials that differ (switch RT). A cost RT metric can be computed by taking the difference between Switch and No-Switch RT as a measure of set shifting. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Stroop | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | The Stroop task is a measure of executive function, specifically inhibition. In this task, subjects are asked to indicate the color of each word stimulus. The stimulus may be congruent (the word meaning and text color match), or incongruent (the word meaning and text color differ). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Keep Track | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | The Keep Track task measures executive function, specifically updating items held in short-term memory. In the task, a series of word stimuli are presented, each belonging to a category. Subjects must remember only the last item presented from each category. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Immediate and Delayed Free Recall - Words | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a relational memory task. Participants are shown a sequence of 12 words (all 4-letter nouns/verbs), 750 ms for each word. Afterwards, the participant has 30 sec to enter as many words as they can remember from the trial. They do 1 practice trial, followed by 5 test trials. Approximately 20-30 min later, participants are given 90 sec to recall as many words as they can from all 5 previous trials. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Immediate and Delayed Free Recall - Pictures | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a relational memory task. Participants are shown a sequence of 12 images (all objects, no "action" images), 750 ms for each image. Afterwards, the participant has 30 sec to enter words to describe as many images as they recall from the trial (1 word/image). Each image has multiple words that could be accepted as a correct response (i.e., if shown an image of a chimpanzee, answers "chimpanzee" and "monkey" would both be acceptable). They do 1 practice trial of this task, followed by 5 test trials. Approximately 20-30 minutes later, the participant is given 90 sec to recall as many images as they can from all the previous trials. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Paired Associates | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | This is a relational memory task. In Paired Associates, a list of 6 unrelated word pairs are presented. At recall, only the first word from each pair is presented. Subjects must enter the second word in the pair. This procedure is repeated with a second list of 6 word pairs. Approximately 20-30 minutes later, the first words from all 12 word pairs are presented. Subjects must enter the second words from each pair. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in VO2 Max (relative, percentile) | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Aerobic fitness, defined as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), is assessed using an indirect computerized calorimetry system during a modified Balke treadmill test. During the test, participants' heart rates are monitored using a Polar heart rate monitor, and ratings of perceived exertion are assessed every 2 min. During the test, speed remains constant while incline increases 2-3% every 2 min. Average O2 consumption and respiratory exchange ratio are sampled every 15 sec using a mouthpiece. Relative VO2 max is reported relative to body weight, calculated as ml O2/kg/min. Maximum effort is defined using at least 2 of the following: (1) age-defined maximum heart rate norms (HR \> 85% of predicted max HR), (2) respiratory exchange ratio (CO2/O2) \>1.1, (3) subjective rate of perceived exertion \>17 (of 20), and (4) leveling of VO2 despite increasing aerobic demand. VO2 max percentile is also be reported based on age norms. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Body Mass Index | 2 administrations: within 2 weeks before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | BMI is calculated from measures of height and weight | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in brain structure | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | High-resolution structural MRI scan of brain anatomy using MPRAGE sequence, acquired in sagittal orientation (resolution: 0.9 mm, 192 slices, TR 1900 ms, TE 2.32 ms). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in BOLD signal at rest | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Using functional MRI to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal while the subject is at rest and not performing a task | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in BOLD signal during task | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Functional MRI that measures brain activity (based on hemodynamic response and blood-oxygenation-level dependent signal) during an experimental task. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Object Location Task performance | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Completed during fMRI scanning. In the task, an image with 4 objects is presented on a grid of 9 possible locations. Participants are instructed to memorize the spatial locations of all 4 objects and mentally rotate the grid 90⁰. Participants are then presented with a probe image containing the same 4 objects rotated 90⁰. Participants must indicate whether or not any of the objects changed location in the rotated probe image. There are three possible responses: either all objects match; 1 object moves to a new location; or 2 objects swap locations. This task is a measure of relational memory. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in 3-back Task performance | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Completed during fMRI scanning. Participants are presented with a continuous stream of stimuli (either faces or words), and for every stimulus, the participant must indicate (yes/no) whether or not the current stimulus is the same as the one presented three trials back. This task is a measure of working memory. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change in Diffusion of Water in the brain | 2 administrations: within a week before beginning and after finishing the 16-week intervention period | Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging method that is sensitive to the diffusion of water molecules. Diffusion of water in the brain depends on the tissue type, structural architecture, and presence/absence of barriers within imaging voxels. Using this raw imaging information, diffusion-based properties can be estimated including: 1. fractional anisotropy (FA), which is a measure of whether or not the 3-dimensional diffusion is largely directional (e.g., within an axon; thus, anisotropic diffusion), or if the diffusion is equal in all directions (e.g., within CSF; thus isotropic diffusion); 2. radial diffusivity (RD), which is a measure of how diffusion in the plane transverse to the principal direction of diffusion (i.e., within a cross-section of an axon, rather than down the length of an axon). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcomes 0
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as | Source |
|---|
Results by group 0
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units | Source |
|---|
Participant flow 0
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted | Source |
|---|
Adverse events 0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events | Source |
|---|
Adverse event totals 0
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk | Source |
|---|
Papers 55
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| PMID | Listed as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2748771 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 4053261 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 6125971 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 8576833 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 8851737 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 9584434 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 10513398 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 12425704 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 12592404 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 14002586 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 14699419 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 14978288 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 15147322 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 15522766 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 15689731 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 16102874 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 16413382 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 17328703 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 17547490 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
| 17565162 | BACKGROUND | PubMed |
Grants 0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
| Project | Title | Principal investigators | Organization | Funder | Fiscal years | Source |
|---|
Trial comparisons 0
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
| Comparison | Source |
|---|
Tests 7
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
| Test | Named as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Delayed Recall Module | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Keep-Track Task | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Reading Span Task | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Rotation Span Task | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Stroop Color-Word Test | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Symmetry Span Task | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Task Switching Test | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
Source 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | 0f4a8d8c48aee2a7573ae0fa94ecbeab70c1adbe449bbc95c424bc7d3e97b9d4 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Registry capture | 2026-11-12 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results copy, AACT | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NIH clinical studies file | 2026-11-13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project files: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)