Trial · NCT02901431
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Balovaptan (RO5285119) in Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
NCT02901431, Phase 2, Terminated, Hoffmann-La Roche; results first posted 2021-02-08
3 sourcestrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0
Cite this record
ConductScience Library. A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Balovaptan (RO5285119) in Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Trials, record NCT02901431. Release trials-2026-11-12-0.5.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/trials/NCT02901431
On this page
Trial
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
- Title
- A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Balovaptan (RO5285119) in Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- NCT number
- NCT02901431
- Status
- Terminated
- Phases
- Phase 2
- Enrollment
- 339 participants, actual
- Lead sponsor
- Hoffmann-La Roche
- Conditions
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Interventions
- Placebo, RO5285119
- First posted
- 2016-09-15
- Last updated
- 2021-02-08
- Results first posted
- 2021-02-08
- Limitations and caveats
- Study was terminated early, therefore, there was limited data collected in Open Label Extension part of the study.
Source ClinicalTrials.gov
Registered outcomes12
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Two Domain Composite (2DC) Score at Week 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Week 24 | Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scales 2-Domain Composite (2DC) Score is defined as mean of the Communication domain standard score \& Socialization domain standard score. If any of the 2 individual domain standard scores is missing 2DC score is not computed. Vineland™-II is an instrument that measures communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills and maladaptive behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. Survey Interview Form will be administered to a subject's reliable caregiver in this study, during which the rater or clinician will ask to the caregiver open ended questions relating to the subject's activities and behavior. Standardized scores on the Adaptive behavior composite range from 20-160 with higher scores indicating better functioning. Mixed model with repeated measures (MMRM) was used for analysis with assessments at baseline, week 12 and week 24. |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The Vineland™-II is an instrument that measures communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills (only in children up to 6 years) and maladaptive (not assessed in this study) behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. The Survey Interview Form (i.e., semi -structured interview) will be administered to a subject's reliable caregiver in this study, during which the rater or clinician will ask to the caregiver open ended questions relating to the subject's activities and behavior. Domain scores will be obtained for the individual domains of Socialization, Communication, Daily Living Skills, and motor skills (up to 6 years only) and used to calculate the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Composite score. Standardized scores on the Adaptive behavior composite range from 20-160 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The Vineland™-II is an instrument that measures communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills (only in children up to 6 years) and maladaptive (not assessed in this study) behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. The Survey Interview Form (i.e., semi -structured interview) will be administered to a subject's reliable caregiver in this study, during which the rater or clinician will ask to the caregiver open ended questions relating to the subject's activities and behavior. Domain scores will be obtained for the individual domains of Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills. Standardized scores on the domains range from 20-160 with higher scores indicating better functioning. Measure Type is Adjusted least-squares means. |
| Secondary | Proportion of Subjects With >=6 Points Improvement in the Vineland-II 2DC Score for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scales 2-Domain Composite (2DC) Score is defined as mean of the Communication domain standard score \& Socialization domain standard score. If any of the 2 individual domain standard scores is missing 2DC score is not computed. Vineland™-II is an instrument that measures communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills and maladaptive behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. Survey Interview Form will be administered to a subject's reliable caregiver in this study, during which the rater or clinician will ask to the caregiver open ended questions relating to the subject's activities and behavior. Domain scores will be obtained for the individual domains of Socialization, Communication, Daily Living Skills, and motor skills and used to calculate the Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Composite score. Standardized scores on the Adaptive behavior composite range from 20-160 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The CGI-S reflects the rater's impression of the subject's current autism severity on a 7-point scale ranging from no symptoms (1) to very severe symptoms (7). Changes in CGI-S score were calculated as increase or decrease in absolute CGI-S scores between Baseline and Weeks 12 and 24. |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale-Severity (OACIS-S) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The OACIS-S is a 10-item, clinician-completed measures based upon interview and/or observation. The OACIS-S assess severity and improvement, respectively, in social interaction, aberrant behavior, repetitive or ritualistic behavior, verbal communication, nonverbal communication skills, hyperactivity and inattention, anxiety and fearfulness, sensory sensitivities, restricted and narrow interests, and a global rating of autism. Each item of the OACIS-S is rated on a 7-point scale ranging from no symptoms (1) to very severe symptoms (7). Changes in CGI-S score were calculated as increase or decrease in absolute CGI-S scores between Baseline and Weeks 12 and 24. |
| Secondary | Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Weeks 12 and 24 | The CGI rating scales are tools used to evaluate both the severity of illness and change from baseline. The CGI-I is used to assess the clinical change as compared to symptoms at baseline using a 7-point scale, ranging from very much improved (1) to very much worse (7). For this study modified versions will be used. |
| Secondary | Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale- Improvement (OACIS-I) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Weeks 12 and 24 | The OACIS-I is a 10-item, clinician-completed measures based upon interview and/or observation. The OACIS-I assess severity and improvement, respectively, in social interaction, aberrant behavior, repetitive or ritualistic behavior, verbal communication, nonverbal communication skills, hyperactivity and inattention, anxiety and fearfulness, sensory sensitivities, restricted and narrow interests, and a global rating of autism. The OACIS-I is used to assess the clinical change as compared to symptoms at baseline using a 7-point scale, ranging from very much improved (1) to very much worse (7). |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Patient-Reported Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) v4.0 Generic Core Scale After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory PedsQL™4.0 Generic Core Scale assessment consists of a 23 item questionnaire encompassing 4 core scale domains: Physical Functioning (8 items); Emotional Functioning (5 items); Social Functioning (5 items); and School Functioning (5 items). For children aged 8 years and above, the PedsQL items are scored on a 5 point Likert-type response scale (0=never a problem; 1=almost never a problem; 2=sometimes a problem; 3=often a problem; and 4=almost always a problem). For children aged 5-7 years, scoring is based on a three-point scale (0=Not at all, 2=Sometimes, 4=A lot). Once scored, items will be reverse scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale (0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0), so that higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. |
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Vineland-II Composite Standard Score in Adolescents and Children Independently at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | The Vineland-II is an instrument that measures communication, daily living skills, socialization, motor skills (only in children up to 6 years) and maladaptive (not assessed in this study) behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. The Survey Interview Form (i.e., semi -structured interview) will be administered to a subject's reliable caregiver in this study, during which the rater or clinician will ask to the caregiver open ended questions relating to the subject's activities and behavior. Domain scores will be obtained for the individual domains of Socialization, Communication, Daily Living Skills, and motor skills (up to 6 years only) and used to calculate the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Composite score. Standardized scores on the Adaptive behavior composite range from 20-160 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
1 to 10 of 12Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 12 registered outcomesOutcomes12
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Two Domain Composite (2DC) Score at Week 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Week 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Score on a scale | LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Score on a scale | LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Score on a scale | LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN |
| SECONDARY | Proportion of Subjects With >=6 Points Improvement in the Vineland-II 2DC Score for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Percentage of participants | NUMBER |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Percentage of participants | NUMBER |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale-Severity (OACIS-S) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Percentage of participants | NUMBER |
| SECONDARY | Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Percentage of participants | NUMBER |
| SECONDARY | Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale- Improvement (OACIS-I) Score at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Percentage of participants | NUMBER |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Patient-Reported Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) v4.0 Generic Core Scale After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Score on scale | LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN |
| SECONDARY | Change From Baseline in Vineland-II Composite Standard Score in Adolescents and Children Independently at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Baseline, Weeks 12 and 24 | Efficacy Inferential Population included participants that were divided by randomized treatment and included participants taking balovaptan 10 mg equivalent dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group in the corresponding randomization stage. Participants with dose adjustments or interruptions, or who were on a different dose than the final dose for their age group, were excluded. | Score on scale | MEAN |
1 to 10 of 12Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 12 outcomesResults by group160
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Two Domain Composite (2DC) Score at Week 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Placebo | 2.34 | Standard Error 1.15 | Score on a scale | |
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Two Domain Composite (2DC) Score at Week 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | 2.17 | Standard Error 1.11 | Score on a scale | |
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Placebo | Week 12 | 1.45 | Standard Error 1.07 | Score on a scale |
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | Week 12 | 1.74 | Standard Error 1.04 | Score on a scale |
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Placebo | Week 24 | 2.20 | Standard Error 1.19 | Score on a scale |
| Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Composite Standard Score After 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Treatment for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | Week 24 | 1.97 | Standard Error 1.15 | Score on a scale |
Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Placebo | Communication Domain Standard Score, Week 12 | 1.86 | Standard Error 1.06 | Score on a scale |
Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | Communication Domain Standard Score, Week 12 | 1.64 | Standard Error 1.03 | Score on a scale |
Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Placebo | Communication Domain Standard Score, Week 24 | 1.51 | Standard Error 1.13 | Score on a scale |
Change From Baseline in Vineland™-II Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication, Socialization, and Daily Living Skills Domain Standard Scores at Weeks 12 and 24 for Balovaptan (R05285119) 10 mg Equivalent Compared to Placebo | Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | Communication Domain Standard Score, Week 24 | 2.21 | Standard Error 1.09 | Score on a scale |
1 to 10 of 160Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 160 results by groupParticipant flow117
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PK Part | STARTED | PK Part - Placebo | 12 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | PK Part - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 4 mg/d Equivalent | 11 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | PK Part - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | 15 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Main Study Part - Placebo | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Main Study Part - Low Exposure Tertile | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Main Study Part - Medium Exposure Tertile | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Main Study Part - High Exposure Tertile | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Main Study Part - Dose Adjusters | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Open Label Extension Part - Placebo | 0 | |
| PK Part | STARTED | Open Label Extension Part - Low Exposure Tertile | 0 |
1 to 10 of 117Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 117 participant flowAdverse events871
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Placebo | 0 | 12 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 4 mg/d Equivalent | 0 | 11 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | 0 | 15 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Placebo | 0 | 112 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Low Exposure Tertile | 0 | 57 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Medium Exposure Tertile | 0 | 66 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - High Exposure Tertile | 0 | 66 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Dose-Adjusters | 0 | 7 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Open Label Extension Part (Study Part 3) - Placebo | 0 | 68 | |
| other | Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Open Label Extension Part (Study Part 3) - Low Exposure Tertile | 2 | 35 |
1 to 10 of 871Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 871 adverse eventsAdverse event totals39
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total, all-cause mortality | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Placebo | 0 | 12 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 4 mg/d Equivalent | 0 | 11 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | PK Part (Study Part 1) - Balovaptan (RO5285119) 10 mg/d Equivalent | 0 | 15 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Placebo | 0 | 112 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Low Exposure Tertile | 0 | 57 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Medium Exposure Tertile | 0 | 66 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - High Exposure Tertile | 0 | 66 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Main Study Part (Study Part 2) - Dose-Adjusters | 0 | 7 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Open Label Extension Part (Study Part 3) - Placebo | 0 | 68 |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Open Label Extension Part (Study Part 3) - Low Exposure Tertile | 0 | 35 |
1 to 10 of 39Source ClinicalTrials.gov
See all 39 adverse event totalsPapers1
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| PMID | Listed as |
|---|---|
| 35793101 | DERIVED |
Source PubMed
Grants0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
None in this release.
Trial comparisons0
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
None in this release.
Tests0
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
None in this release.
Data dates
The day each source was copied for this release.
Sources 3
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
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