Trial · NCT03091400

Recall Enhancement Through Treatment With Atomoxetine in MS (RETAIN-MS)

NCT03091400, Phase 2, Completed, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; results first posted 2020-03-13

3 sourcestrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0

Cite this record

ConductScience Library. Recall Enhancement Through Treatment With Atomoxetine in MS (RETAIN-MS). Trials, record NCT03091400. Release trials-2026-11-12-0.5.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/trials/NCT03091400

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Trial

As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.

Title: Recall Enhancement Through Treatment With Atomoxetine in MS (RETAIN-MS)
NCT number: NCT03091400
Status: Completed
Phases: Phase 2
Enrollment: 11 participants, actual
Lead sponsor: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Conditions: Memory Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis
Interventions: Atomoxetine, Placebo
First posted: 2017-03-27
Last updated: 2020-03-13
Results first posted: 2020-03-13

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Registered outcomes6

Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

List	Outcome	Time frame	Description
Primary	Change in Memory Change	baseline and 14 weeks	Composite memory function (mean normative z-score) across verbal memory and visuospatial memory tasks: (1) Selective Reminding Test (SRT) assesses verbal learning of a 12-item word list over six trials (a. Total Learning; possible raw score range of 0-72), and recall after a delay (b: Delayed Recall; possible raw score range of 0-36); (2) Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised (BVMT-R; possible raw score range of 0-36) assesses learning of six geometric shapes in six locations over three trials (c. Total Learning), and recall after a delay (d. Delayed Recall; possible raw score range of 0-12). Results reported as composite memory at follow-up minus baseline. Higher scores indicate better outcomes.
Secondary	Change in Patient-Reported Memory Change	baseline and 14 weeks	Patients will endorse memory change over the past six weeks as: much improved (3), improved (2), slightly improved (1), unchanged (0), slightly worse (-1), worse (-2), much worse (-3).
Secondary	Change in CANTAB Paired Associate Learning	baseline and 14 weeks	CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (Total Errors Adjusted; possible raw score range of 0-70): a tablet-based memory task requiring subjects to study and recall the location of complex visual images not easily verbalized. Errors are tallied. Results reported as follow-up minus baseline. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.
Secondary	Change in NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test	baseline and 14 weeks	NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test (possible raw score range of 0-31): a tablet-based task requiring subjects to study the sequence of many activity scenes (e.g., flying a kite) presented visually and audibly. Correct sequences tallied. Results reported as follow-up minus baseline. Higher scores indicate better outcomes.
Secondary	Change in Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ)	baseline and 14 weeks	Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ): the PDQ asks subjects to rate twenty cognitive difficulties on a scale from never (0) to almost always (4). Total ranges from 0-80. Results reported as follow-up minus baseline. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes. If a change is detected, will proceed to identify which of the four subscales were affected: retrospective memory, prospective memory, attention, planning / organization.
Secondary	Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test	baseline and 14 weeks	Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Oral Version, total raw; possible range of 0-110): A test of processing speed requiring subjects to rapidly complete symbol-digit pairings based on a key. Incidental learning may contribute to performance. Total correct in 90 seconds is tallied. Results reported as follow-up minus baseline. Higher scores indicate better outcomes.

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Outcomes6

Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

Type	Outcome	Time frame	Units	Measured as
PRIMARY	Change in Memory Change	baseline and 14 weeks	z-score	MEAN
SECONDARY	Change in Patient-Reported Memory Change	baseline and 14 weeks	score on a scale	MEAN
SECONDARY	Change in CANTAB Paired Associate Learning	baseline and 14 weeks	score on a scale	MEAN
SECONDARY	Change in NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test	baseline and 14 weeks	score on a scale	MEAN
SECONDARY	Change in Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ)	baseline and 14 weeks	score on a scale	MEAN
SECONDARY	Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test	baseline and 14 weeks	score on a scale	MEAN

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Results by group12

Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.

Outcome	Group	Value	Spread	Units
Change in Memory Change	Atomoxetine	0.32	Standard Deviation 0.60	z-score
Change in Memory Change	Placebo	0.24	Standard Deviation 0.46	z-score
Change in Patient-Reported Memory Change	Atomoxetine	0.70	Standard Deviation 1.16	score on a scale
Change in Patient-Reported Memory Change	Placebo	0.90	Standard Deviation 1.37	score on a scale
Change in CANTAB Paired Associate Learning	Atomoxetine	-10.30	Standard Deviation 11.98	score on a scale
Change in CANTAB Paired Associate Learning	Placebo	-8.10	Standard Deviation 15.56	score on a scale
Change in NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test	Atomoxetine	4.50	Standard Deviation 5.80	score on a scale
Change in NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test	Placebo	3.20	Standard Deviation 2.97	score on a scale
Change in Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ)	Atomoxetine	-6.60	Standard Deviation 9.97	score on a scale
Change in Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ)	Placebo	-5.90	Standard Deviation 13.14	score on a scale

1 to 10 of 12Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 12 results by group

Participant flow18

How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.

Period	Milestone	Group	Participants
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	STARTED	Atomoxetine Then Placebo	5
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	STARTED	Placebo Then Atomoxetine	6
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine Then Placebo	5
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	COMPLETED	Placebo Then Atomoxetine	6
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	NOT COMPLETED	Atomoxetine Then Placebo	0
Phase 1 - 6 Weeks	NOT COMPLETED	Placebo Then Atomoxetine	0
Washout - 2 Weeks	STARTED	Atomoxetine Then Placebo	5
Washout - 2 Weeks	STARTED	Placebo Then Atomoxetine	6
Washout - 2 Weeks	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine Then Placebo	4
Washout - 2 Weeks	COMPLETED	Placebo Then Atomoxetine	6

1 to 10 of 18Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 18 participant flow

Adverse events14

Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.

Type	Event	Organ system	Group	Affected	At risk
other	Diarrhea	Gastrointestinal disorders	Atomoxetine	1	10
other	Diarrhea	Gastrointestinal disorders	Placebo	0	10
other	Dizziness	Nervous system disorders	Atomoxetine	1	10
other	Dizziness	Nervous system disorders	Placebo	0	10
other	Abnormal dreams	Psychiatric disorders	Atomoxetine	1	10
other	Abnormal dreams	Psychiatric disorders	Placebo	0	10
other	Fatigue	General disorders	Atomoxetine	0	10
other	Fatigue	General disorders	Placebo	1	10
other	Urinary Hesitation	Renal and urinary disorders	Atomoxetine	1	10
other	Urinary Hesitation	Renal and urinary disorders	Placebo	0	10

1 to 10 of 14Source ClinicalTrials.gov

See all 14 adverse events

Adverse event totals6

The totals the trial posted for each group.

Total	Group	Affected	At risk
Total, all-cause mortality	Atomoxetine	0	10
Total, all-cause mortality	Placebo	0	10
Total, other adverse events	Atomoxetine	4	10
Total, other adverse events	Placebo	1	10
Total, serious adverse events	Atomoxetine	0	10
Total, serious adverse events	Placebo	0	10

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Papers0

The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.

None in this release.

Grants0

The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.

None in this release.

Trial comparisons2

Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.

Comparison	Source
Atomoxetine vs Placebo: deaths from any cause	Trial comparisons
Atomoxetine vs Placebo: serious adverse events	Trial comparisons

Tests4

The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.

Test	Named as	Source
Selective Reminding Task	Primary outcome	ConductCognition
Paired Associate Learning	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition
Picture Order Memory Test	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition
Symbol Coding	Secondary outcome	ConductCognition

Data dates

The day each source was copied for this release.

ClinicalTrials.gov: 2026-11-12; ClinicalTrials.gov
Results, from AACT: 2026-03-23; AACT
NIH grant links: 2026-11-13; NIH RePORTER

Sources 3

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain

Each source's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

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