CogXergaming to Promote Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Frail Older Adults
NCT04534686, Not applicable, Completed, University of Illinois Chicago; results first posted 2025-08-28
Trial 11
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | CogXergaming to Promote Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Frail Older Adults | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT04534686 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Status | Completed | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | Not applicable | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Enrollment | 49 participants, actual | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | University of Illinois Chicago | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Frail Older Adults | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | CogXergaming, Matter of Balance Training | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| First posted | 2020-09-01 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Last updated | 2025-08-28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results first posted | 2025-08-28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Registered outcomes 28
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | This test is conducted to assess leg strength and endurance. Participants are asked to stand in front of a sturdy chair and monitored by the remote research personnel during the test. The participants are instructed to sit in the middle of the chair. Place their hands on the opposite shoulder crossed, at the wrists. Keep their feet flat on the floor and back straight with arms against their chest. Then the following instruction "On "Go," rise to a full standing position, then sit back down again. 6. Repeat this for 30 seconds" is provided to conduct the test and assessed by the research personnel remotely. This test is easy to perform and requires a sturdy chair (available at every home) and will be performed in front of the camera during the zoom meeting for the research personnel to monitor and collect the required data. Higher values indicate better performance | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Walking Performance | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Walking performance will be assessed using the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment. This test contains components of gait and balance assessment and is scored on a scale, typically from 0 to 2, with higher scores indicating better performance. The total score combines the scores from both sections, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 28. This test will be evaluated remotely over zoom. A safe area visible to the research personnel remotely will be chosen and only then the test will be administered. During this test, the research personnel will ensure that he/she is constantly visible in the screen and measure the time taken to complete the test. Higher scores on the test indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Cardiovascular fitness will be assessed using the 2-min step test, which will be conducted remotely via zoom. The participant is asked to stand up straight next to the wall while a mark is placed on the wall at the level corresponding to midway between the kneecap and top of the hip bone. The subject then marches in place for two minutes, lifting the knees to the height of the mark on the wall. Resting is allowed and holding onto the wall or a stable chair is allowed. Stop after two minutes of stepping. The remote research personnel records the total number of times the right knee reaches the tape level in two minutes. Higher scores on the test indicate better performance | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Physical Activity | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Physical activity will be assessed remotely via zoom using the scoring of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) involves assigning weights to different types of physical activities based on their intensity and frequency. Respondents report their weekly frequency and duration of various activities, which are then multiplied by predetermined weights. The total PASE score is the sum of these weighted values, providing a single numeric value representing the individual's overall physical activity level. Higher scores indicate higher levels of physical activity. The minimum score for PASE is 0 and maximum score is 793. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Movement Velocity | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | It is the average speed of center of gravity movement during intentional movement measured in degrees per second under single and dual-task conditions. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in End Point Excursion | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | It is the magnitude of a self-initiated movement (i.e., how far he/she wills to reach a target) without taking a step or losing balance measured in percentage under single and dual-task conditions. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Directional Control | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | It is the quality of a self-initiated movement (i.e., amount of movement actually exhibited towards the target to the amount of extraneous movement away from the target) measured in percentage under single and dual-task conditions. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Maximum Excursion | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | It is the actual magnitude of a self-initiated movement (i.e., how far did he/she actually reach a target) without taking a step or losing balance measured in percentage under single and dual-task conditions. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Postural Stability During Reactive Balance Control (Single and Dual-task) | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Reactive balance control will be examined via the stance perturbation test under single and dual-task conditions (simultaneous performance of Letter number sequencing task or auditory stroop task). Postural stability can be defined as simultaneous control of center of mass (COM) position and velocity during slip-like or trip like perturbation relative to the rear edge of base of support (rear heel). The position is normalized with the individual's foot length, and velocity by square root of gravitational acceleration and individual's body height. Larger values indicate greater stability. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change of Accuracy in Letter Number Sequencing | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | This is an oral trail making test which includes listing alternate letter and number from the cue given in sequence. This test will be performed under single and dual-task conditions. Accuracy (number of correct responses out of the total responses) of letter number sequencing will be calculated. Higher accuracy indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in 4 Meter Walk Test | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | The total time taken to complete the 4 meters will be noted. Speed will then be determined by using the formula distance (4 meters) covered by time taken to complete the test. Higher speed indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Spatial and Temporal Gait Parameters | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Spatial and temporal gait parameters like step length, cadence and stride length will be determined during single and dual-task walking performance via the GaitRite mat. Higher values for step length and stride length, and lower cadence indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Accuracy of Auditory Stroop | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | This test involves responding to the pitch (high or low) of the words "High" or "Low". This test will be performed under single and dual-task conditions. Accuracy (number of correct responses out of the total responses) of Auditory stroop will be calculated. Higher accuracy indicates better performance. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Dual-task Cost | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Dual-task motor and cognitive cost will be calculated using the formula- \[(Dual-task performance- Single Task performance)/Single task performance\]. This will be calculated for dual-task performance during intentional postural sway, reactive balance control and gait conditions. Lower cost indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Interference in the Reaction Time | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Interference in the reaction time via visual stroop task where the individual is expected to respond to the color in which the word is printed and not read the word. Performance will be identified via time taken to complete the test. Lower time indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Language Fluency | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Language fluency via verbal and category task will be administered. Performance will be identified via the total number of appropriate words responded on each of the task. Higher values indicate better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Reaction Time | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | The individual is asked to hit a key on the number keypad when a cue appears on the screen. Performance will be identified with time taken to hit the key after the individual sees the cue in seconds. Lower time indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Paired Associated Learning | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Paired associated learning via grid task will be administered. Accuracy (number of correct responses out of the total responses) will be represented in percentage. Higher value indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Spatial Working Memory | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Spatial working memory via unveil the star task will be administered. Performance will be identified via the total time (in seconds) to complete the task. Lower time indicates better performance. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change in Working Memory | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | List Sorting Memory test to evaluate working memory. This test requires the participant to recall and sequentially list the visually and orally presented stimuli. The accuracy of the participant's response is computer generated. Higher value indicates better performance. The minimum score is 0% and maximum score is 100% | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcomes 28
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY | Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | 13 participants in the Coxergaming and 14 in the Matter of Balance group completed the study and data was analyzed for these participants. | number of repetitions | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| PRIMARY | Change in Walking Performance | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | 13 participants in the Coxergaming and 14 in the Matter of Balance group completed the study and data was analyzed for these participants. | scores on a scale of 28 | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| PRIMARY | Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | number of repetitions | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Change in Physical Activity | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | 13 participants in the Coxergaming and 14 in the Matter of Balance group completed the study and data was analyzed for these participants. | scores on a scale of 793 | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| PRIMARY | Change in Movement Velocity | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in End Point Excursion | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Directional Control | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Maximum Excursion | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Postural Stability During Reactive Balance Control (Single and Dual-task) | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change of Accuracy in Letter Number Sequencing | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in 4 Meter Walk Test | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Spatial and Temporal Gait Parameters | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Accuracy of Auditory Stroop | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Dual-task Cost | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Interference in the Reaction Time | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Language Fluency | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Reaction Time | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Paired Associated Learning | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Spatial Working Memory | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted primarily on Zoom, preventing the collection of data for this outcome measure, as the assessment is typically conducted in person. | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| PRIMARY | Change in Working Memory | Baseline (Week 0) and Immediate Post-training (Week 8 for group A and week 10 for group B) | 13 participants in the Coxergaming and 14 in the Matter of Balance group completed the study and data was analyzed for these participants. | percentage | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Results by group 20
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | CogXergaming | Baseline | 10.28 | Standard Deviation 1.63 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | Matter of Balance Training | Baseline | 12.11 | Standard Deviation 1.81 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | CogXergaming | Immediate Post-training | 12.36 | Standard Deviation 1.62 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in 30-second Chair Stand Performance | Matter of Balance Training | Immediate Post-training | 12.30 | Standard Deviation 1.53 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Walking Performance | CogXergaming | Baseline | 25.93 | Standard Deviation 2.12 | scores on a scale of 28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Walking Performance | Matter of Balance Training | Baseline | 26.95 | Standard Deviation 1.16 | scores on a scale of 28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Walking Performance | CogXergaming | Immediate Post-training | 26.92 | Standard Deviation 0.75 | scores on a scale of 28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Walking Performance | Matter of Balance Training | Immediate Post-training | 26.93 | Standard Deviation 1.22 | scores on a scale of 28 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | CogXergaming | Baseline | 75.06 | Standard Deviation 16.51 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | Matter of Balance Training | Baseline | 78.61 | Standard Deviation 10.97 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | CogXergaming | Immediate Post-training | 85.45 | Standard Deviation 11.52 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Cardiovascular Fitness | Matter of Balance Training | Immediate Post-training | 82.71 | Standard Deviation 10.27 | number of repetitions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Physical Activity | CogXergaming | Baseline | 72.68 | Standard Deviation 38.10 | scores on a scale of 793 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Physical Activity | Matter of Balance Training | Baseline | 77.11 | Standard Deviation 40.8 | scores on a scale of 793 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Physical Activity | CogXergaming | Immediate post-training | 110.03 | Standard Deviation 23.80 | scores on a scale of 793 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Physical Activity | Matter of Balance Training | Immediate post-training | 92.49 | Standard Deviation 29.4 | scores on a scale of 793 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Working Memory | CogXergaming | Baseline | 16.11 | Standard Deviation 3.3 | percentage | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Working Memory | Matter of Balance Training | Baseline | 16.22 | Standard Deviation 3.3 | percentage | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Working Memory | CogXergaming | Immediate post-training | 16.85 | Standard Deviation 3.93 | percentage | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Change in Working Memory | Matter of Balance Training | Immediate post-training | 16.11 | Standard Deviation 2.93 | percentage | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Participant flow 14
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Measurement | STARTED | CogXergaming | 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | STARTED | Matter of Balance Training | 23 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | Mid-intervention | CogXergaming | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | Mid-intervention | Matter of Balance Training | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | COMPLETED | CogXergaming | 15 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | COMPLETED | Matter of Balance Training | 16 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | NOT COMPLETED | CogXergaming | 7 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Baseline Measurement | NOT COMPLETED | Matter of Balance Training | 7 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | STARTED | CogXergaming | 15 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | STARTED | Matter of Balance Training | 16 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | COMPLETED | CogXergaming | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | COMPLETED | Matter of Balance Training | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | CogXergaming | 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Matter of Balance Training | 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Adverse events 0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events | Source |
|---|
Adverse event totals 6
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, all-cause mortality | CogXergaming | 0 | 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Matter of Balance Training | 0 | 23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | CogXergaming | 0 | 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Matter of Balance Training | 0 | 23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | CogXergaming | 0 | 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Matter of Balance Training | 0 | 23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Papers 1
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| PMID | Listed as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 39602215 | DERIVED | PubMed |
Grants 0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
| Project | Title | Principal investigators | Organization | Funder | Fiscal years | Source |
|---|
Trial comparisons 2
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
| Comparison | Source |
|---|---|
| CogXergaming vs Matter of Balance Training: deaths from any cause | Trial comparisons |
| CogXergaming vs Matter of Balance Training: serious adverse events | Trial comparisons |
Tests 7
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
| Test | Named as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Dimensional Change Card Sort | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Letter-Number Sequencing Task | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Pattern and Letter Comparison | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Picture Order Memory Test | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Stroop Color-Word Test | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Trail Making Test A | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Trail Making Test B | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
Source 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | 0f4a8d8c48aee2a7573ae0fa94ecbeab70c1adbe449bbc95c424bc7d3e97b9d4 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Registry capture | 2026-11-12 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results copy, AACT | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NIH clinical studies file | 2026-11-13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project files: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)