Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions
NCT05452460, Not applicable, Completed, National Taiwan Normal University; results first posted 2025-01-30
Trial 11
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT05452460 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Status | Completed | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | Not applicable | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Enrollment | 53 participants, actual | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | National Taiwan Normal University | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Mindfulness Training, Neurocognitive Function, Sports Performance, Mental Fatigue | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | Mindfulness intervention | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| First posted | 2022-07-11 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Last updated | 2025-01-30 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results first posted | 2025-01-30 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Registered outcomes 16
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | ERP: N2 | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | ERP: P3 | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in TTE between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Endurance Performance: VO2max | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in VO2max between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Subjective Mental Fatigue | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Both in the baseline and post-intervention, the visual analog scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF) was used to assess changes in subjective mental fatigue before and after experimental manipulation. The scale ranges from 0 (not at all mentally fatigued) to 100 (extremely mentally fatigued). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Objective Mental Fatigue | Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Both at baseline and post-intervention, participants completed either a 30-min 100% incongruent version Stroop task (i.e., mental fatigue condition) or a 30-min 100% congruent version Stroop task (i.e., control condition). In the Stroop task, accuracy (ACC) was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. It is expressed as a percentage, determined by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of responses. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Dispositional Mindfulness | Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test) | The change in dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the 16-item (5-Likert scale) athlete mindfulness questionnaire (AMQ). The mean score range is between 1-5. Higher mean scores indicate a higher level of dispositional mindfulness. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Anger | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher anger mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Confusion | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher confusion mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Depression | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher depression mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Fatigue | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher fatigue mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Tension | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher tension mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State: Vigour | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher vigor mood. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Perception of Effort | every 2.5 minutes during graded exercise test | During the graded exercise test, the perception of effort will be asked at beginning and every 2.5-min using Borg 6 to 20 scale, until the participant comes to voluntary exhaustion. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcomes 16
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY | Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | millisecond | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | percentage of correct response | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | ERP: N2 | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | μV | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | ERP: P3 | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | μV | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | second | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Endurance Performance: VO2max | After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | ml/kg/min | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Subjective Mental Fatigue | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Objective Mental Fatigue | Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | percentage | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Dispositional Mindfulness | Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Anger | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Confusion | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Depression | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Fatigue | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Tension | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State: Vigour | Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks) | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Perception of Effort | every 2.5 minutes during graded exercise test | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Results by group 140
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (pre-test) | 10.79 | Standard Deviation 57.89 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (pre-test) | 5.47 | Standard Deviation 42.72 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (post-test) | 4.11 | Standard Deviation 19.63 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (post-test) | -0.61 | Standard Deviation 19.90 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (pre-test) | 6.15 | Standard Deviation 11.79 | percentage of correct response | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (pre-test) | 2.32 | Standard Deviation 11.97 | percentage of correct response | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (post-test) | 2.60 | Standard Deviation 6.12 | percentage of correct response | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (post-test) | 2.61 | Standard Deviation 4.83 | percentage of correct response | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: N2 | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in N2 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial) | -1.27 | Standard Deviation 3.48 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: N2 | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in N2 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial) | -1.14 | Standard Deviation 4.85 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: N2 | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in N2 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial) | 0.72 | Standard Deviation 4.07 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: N2 | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in N2 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial) | 0.18 | Standard Deviation 2.58 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: P3 | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in P3 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial) | -0.28 | Standard Deviation 3.85 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: P3 | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in P3 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial) | 0.19 | Standard Deviation 5.23 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: P3 | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in P3 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial) | 0.78 | Standard Deviation 6.05 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| ERP: P3 | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in P3 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial) | -0.69 | Standard Deviation 5.60 | μV | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in TTE at pre-test | 28.50 | Standard Deviation 32.28 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in TTE at pre-test | 23.89 | Standard Deviation 36.43 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Mindfulness Training Group | Condition difference in TTE at post-test | -20.06 | Standard Deviation 33.54 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Waitlist Control Group | Condition difference in TTE at post-test | 13.15 | Standard Deviation 34.45 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Participant flow 6
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | STARTED | Mindfulness Training Group | 26 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Overall Study | STARTED | Waitlist Control Group | 27 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Overall Study | COMPLETED | Mindfulness Training Group | 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Overall Study | COMPLETED | Waitlist Control Group | 24 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Overall Study | NOT COMPLETED | Mindfulness Training Group | 4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Overall Study | NOT COMPLETED | Waitlist Control Group | 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Adverse events 0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events | Source |
|---|
Adverse event totals 6
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, all-cause mortality | Mindfulness Training Group | 0 | 26 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Waitlist Control Group | 0 | 27 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Mindfulness Training Group | 0 | 26 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Waitlist Control Group | 0 | 27 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Mindfulness Training Group | 0 | 26 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Waitlist Control Group | 0 | 27 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Papers 0
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| PMID | Listed as | Source |
|---|
Grants 0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
| Project | Title | Principal investigators | Organization | Funder | Fiscal years | Source |
|---|
Trial comparisons 2
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
| Comparison | Source |
|---|---|
| Mindfulness Training Group vs Waitlist Control Group: deaths from any cause | Trial comparisons |
| Mindfulness Training Group vs Waitlist Control Group: serious adverse events | Trial comparisons |
Tests 2
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
| Test | Named as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Eriksen Flanker Task | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Stroop Color-Word Test | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
Source 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | 0f4a8d8c48aee2a7573ae0fa94ecbeab70c1adbe449bbc95c424bc7d3e97b9d4 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Registry capture | 2026-11-12 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results copy, AACT | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NIH clinical studies file | 2026-11-13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project files: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)