Mindfulness, Mental Fatigue, Inhibitory Control and Endurance Performance in Athletes
NCT05466136, Not applicable, Completed, National Taiwan Normal University; results first posted 2026-03-16
Trial 11
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Mindfulness, Mental Fatigue, Inhibitory Control and Endurance Performance in Athletes | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT05466136 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Status | Completed | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | Not applicable | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Enrollment | 90 participants, actual | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | National Taiwan Normal University | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Mental Fatigue | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | Mental fatigue condition, Control condition | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| First posted | 2022-07-20 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Last updated | 2026-09-09 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results first posted | 2026-03-16 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Registered outcomes 10
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | Inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task in terms of reaction time in this study, and the types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). In the Flanker task, participants were presented with five arrows and instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | Inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task in terms of accuracy in this study, and the types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). In the Flanker task, participants were presented with five arrows and instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During graded exercise test, up to 30 minutes | The endurance performance in terms of time to exhaustion (TTE) will be assessed by graded exercise test (GXT) with Bruce protocol on treadmill (h/p/cosmos pulsar 3p, Germany). The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are volitionally exhausted. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Endurance Performance: Maximum Oxygen Consumption | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During graded exercise test, up to 30 minutes. | The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) throughout the whole GXT will be recorded by a computerized indirect calorimetry system (SensorMedics Vmax 29C, USA), and until the participants reached volitional exhaustion. The VO2max in the study will be defined as the highest 30-s average value of VO2 measured during GXT. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Changes in Neuroelectrical Activities | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | Neuroelectrical activity during the Flanker task was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) with continuous data acquisition throughout task performance. Changes in neuroelectrical activity were operationalized as differences in event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes during the Flanker task (e.g., N2 and P3 components). The mean amplitudes of the N2 and P3 were quantified within predefined time windows of 250-350 ms and 350-550 ms, respectively, following stimulus onset. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Subjective Mental Fatigue | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. Before the Stroop task, immediately after Stroop task and immediately after the Flanker task. | Before, after Stroop task, and after Flanker task, changes in subjective mental fatigue was measured using a visual analog scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF). Participants were asked the following questions "What is your mental fatigue level now?", and participants could indicate how mental fatigue on a scale from 0 (i.e., no mental fatigue at all) to 100 (i.e., completely mentally exhausted). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Objective Mental Fatigue: Reaction Time in Stroop Task | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Stroop task, up to 30 minutes. | During the intervention, the reaction time in both Stroop tasks was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Objective Mental Fatigue: Accuracy in Stroop Task | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Stroop task, up to 30 minutes. | During the intervention, the accuracy in both Stroop tasks was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Mood State | Two standardized time points within each experimental session at baseline and post-intervention: T0 (before the Stroop task) and T1 (after the Stroop task). | Mood state was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before (i.e., T0) and after (i.e., T1) Stroop task. The BRUMS-C consists of 23 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale and comprises six subscales: anger, confusion, depression, tension, fatigue, and vigor. Each subscale score is calculated as the mean of its corresponding items, with possible scores ranging from 0 to 4. Higher mean scores indicate greater intensity of the respective mood state. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Motivation | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. Immediately after completing Flanker task and GXT. | The level of effort exerted by participants during the Flanker task and GXT was assessed using the VAS for motivation (VAS-M). Immediately after completing each task, participants were also asked to mark a 100mm line to rate their motivation to perform at their best (i.e., "How motivated are you to perform to the best of your ability in the task?") on a scale ranging from 0, indicating "not at all," to 100, indicating "extremely motivated." | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcomes 10
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY | Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | millisecond | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | Percentage of correct responses | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During graded exercise test, up to 30 minutes | second | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Endurance Performance: Maximum Oxygen Consumption | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During graded exercise test, up to 30 minutes. | mL/kg/min | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| PRIMARY | Changes in Neuroelectrical Activities | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Flanker task, up to 15 minutes. | μV | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Subjective Mental Fatigue | Three standardized time points within each experimental session at baseline and post-intervention: T0 (before the Stroop task), T1 (after the Stroop task), and T2 (after the Flanker task). | score on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Objective Mental Fatigue: Reaction Time in Stroop Task | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Stroop task, up to 30 minutes. | millisecond | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Objective Mental Fatigue: Accuracy in Stroop Task | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Stroop task, up to 30 minutes. | Percentage of correct responses | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Mood State | Two standardized time points within each experimental session at baseline and post-intervention: T0 (before the Stroop task) and T1 (after the Stroop task). | units on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| SECONDARY | Motivation | From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. Immediately after completing Flanker task and GXT. | units on a scale | MEAN | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Results by group 150
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition(Incongruent trials) | 461.01 | Standard Error 12.57 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition(Incongruent trials) | 448.68 | Standard Error 11.04 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition(Incongruent trials) | 444.35 | Standard Error 12.34 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 465.88 | Standard Error 11.90 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 446.33 | Standard Error 10.45 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 455.91 | Standard Error 11.69 | millisecond | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition (Incongruent trials) | 89.26 | Standard Error 2.23 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition (Incongruent trials) | 84.32 | Standard Error 1.96 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition (Incongruent trials) | 80.04 | Standard Error 2.19 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 89.14 | Standard Error 1.92 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 87.21 | Standard Error 1.69 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Inhibitory Control: Accuracy | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Control condition (Incongruent trials) | 84.16 | Standard Error 1.89 | Percentage of correct responses | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition | 807.62 | Standard Error 17.58 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition | 783.35 | Standard Error 15.55 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition | 752.94 | Standard Error 17.41 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Control condition | 819.99 | Standard Error 17.38 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Control condition | 794.97 | Standard Error 15.38 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion | Lower Trait Mindfulness | Control condition | 792.62 | Standard Error 17.21 | second | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Maximum Oxygen Consumption | Higher Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition | 60.77 | Standard Error 1.50 | mL/kg/min | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Endurance Performance: Maximum Oxygen Consumption | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness | Mental fatigue condition | 61.70 | Standard Error 1.33 | mL/kg/min | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Participant flow 54
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Intervention | STARTED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | STARTED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | STARTED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | STARTED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | STARTED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | STARTED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | COMPLETED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| First Intervention | NOT COMPLETED | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Washout (3 to 7 days) | STARTED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| Washout (3 to 7 days) | STARTED | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Adverse events 0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events | Source |
|---|
Adverse event totals 18
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, all-cause mortality | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, all-cause mortality | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, other adverse events | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Higher Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Intermediate Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Mental Fatigue Condition, Then Control Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Total, serious adverse events | Lower Trait Mindfulness: Control Condition, Then Mental Fatigue Condition | 0 | 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Papers 0
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| PMID | Listed as | Source |
|---|
Grants 0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
| Project | Title | Principal investigators | Organization | Funder | Fiscal years | Source |
|---|
Trial comparisons 0
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
| Comparison | Source |
|---|
Tests 2
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
| Test | Named as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Eriksen Flanker Task | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Stroop Color-Word Test | Secondary outcome | ConductCognition |
Source 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | 0f4a8d8c48aee2a7573ae0fa94ecbeab70c1adbe449bbc95c424bc7d3e97b9d4 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Registry capture | 2026-11-12 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results copy, AACT | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NIH clinical studies file | 2026-11-13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project files: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)