Boxing Training, Physical-functional Fitness and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
NCT05826314, Not applicable, Completed, Universidade do Porto
Trial 10
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Boxing Training, Physical-functional Fitness and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT number | NCT05826314 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Status | Completed | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Phases | Not applicable | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Enrollment | 75 participants, actual | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Lead sponsor | Universidade do Porto | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Conditions | Healthy People Programs | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Interventions | Boxing training, Exercise | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| First posted | 2023-04-24 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Last updated | 2026-09-15 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Registered outcomes 28
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change from baseline Upper Body Power at 3 months and at 6 months, respectively. | Baseline, 6 months | This will be tested with a 3 kg (Ø 0.60 m) medical ball. Each subject will sit in a chair with the posterior region of the trunk positioned against the back of the chair and hold the ball forward with both hands. Three approved trials will be conducted with one-minute rest intervals between each trial to ensure that fatigue or learning effects do not influence performance. The maximum throwing distance will be determined using a flexible steel tape. Only the best attempt will be used for further analysis (24). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Modified Bruce Treadmill Test - This sub-maximal test with incremental protocol including seven stages and performed on a treadmill, standard an open-circuit spirometer technique (Cosmed K5b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) will be used. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline Lower-body strength and power at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | The knee extensors and flexors will be evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 2, USA) at two different angular velocities: 60°/s and 180°/s (22). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline cognitive performance (Inhibition/cognitive flexibility) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | The Stroop Color and Word Test (parameters: words, colors, and words/colors) will be selected to assess response inhibition/cognitive flexibility (14). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline cognitive performance (Processing speed) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, subtest of the Wechsler test of adult intelligence WAIS III) (16, 17) will be used as a measure of high-level information processing speed. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline cognitive performance (Selective recall test) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Selective recall test \[SRT-List A; parameters: consistent long-term recall, long-term storage, delayed recall, and intrusions\] to assess verbal learning and multiple-trial memory (14). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline cognitive performance (Verbal short-term memory and verbal working memory) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | The forward digit advancement (DS) test was selected to assess verbal short-term memory and the backward DS to assess verbal working memory (subtest of the Wechsler test of intelligence for adults WAIS III) and total DS score (total DS; calculated by adding forward DS and backward DS) (14, 16). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline cognitive performance (Memory) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Consortium to establish a registry for the Alzheimer's Disease List Test (CERAD), will be used: word list memory; word list recall; and word list recognition. The parameters: total hits and delayed recall hits (13, 14). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline Psychological testing (Depression) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | The geriatric depression scale (GDS, short version) (18) will be used for depressive symptoms assessment. The GDS-15 evaluates depressive symptoms during the last week and has a dichotomous response scale (Yes/No). On 10 items (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15) the answer Yes is rated 1 point and on the remaining items (1, 5, 7, 11, and 13) the answer No is rated 1 point, in the sense that the score indicates presence of depressive symptomatology. The total score of the items is processed by summing the scores on the 15 items, ranging from 0 to 15 points. The 15-item version of the GDS showed the ability to differentiate depressed from nondepressed subjects (18). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline Psychological testing (Anxiety and depression) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used (19). Although the HADS is considered an effective instrument for assessing depressive symptoms in hospital settings, it is a screening measure, and it is of utmost importance to be followed by a psychological assessment. This scale consists of two subscales, one for anxiety and the other for depression. A score between 0 to 7 means absence of depressive or anxious symptoms; a score between 8 to 10 means a possible case of depression or anxiety; and from 11 to 21 as a probable case. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline Psychological testing (Stress) at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (20) will be used to assess perceived stress. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline on Risk of Falls at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Risk of falls will be evaluated through the Biodex® Balance System (Biodex, Shirley, NY, EUA), using the Fall Risk Test protocol in which the platform is unstable and allows to obtain the risk index and modified version of the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline on Handgrip strength to 3 and 6 months of exercise and 3-months of follow-up, respectively | Baseline, after 3 months of intervention, 6 months, 3 months follow-up | The handgrip strength will be measured with a Jamar Plus + Digital hand dynamometer (Sammons Preston Inc., Bolingbrook, Illinois, USA). Measurements will be carried out following the American Society of Hand Therapists recommendations, and each participant will perform three attempts with a pause of 1 min between them. Three attempts will be made for each hand, using the maximum value of the three registers. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from Baseline Brain Activity at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | This will be analyzed using an electromyography (EEG) system. All EEG signals will be acquired with the ActiCHamp®, Brain Products,GmbH. With an international 10-20 system with standard 32-channel electrode layout with reference and ground electrodes. The ground will be located on the forehead and the reference will be the Cz channel of the ActiCHamp® equipment. For each participant, the same equipment will be used in all sessions. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline Physical-Functional Fitness (upper and lower body strength) at 3 and 6 months of exercise and 3-months of follow-up, respectively | Baseline, after 3 months of intervention, 6 months, 3 months follow-up | Physical-functional fitness is going to be measured via the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) (23). This physical battery includes lower and upper-body strength (30-second chair stand and 30-second arm curl tests, respectively), agility/dynamic balance (8-foot up-and-go test), aerobic endurance (six-minute walk test) and lower and upper-body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach and back scratch tests, respectively). The chair stand test to assess the strength of the lower body, counting the number of repetitions made in 30s. And the arm curl test to assess the strength on the upper body, using a 3lb (women) and 5lb (men) dumbbell, counting the number of repetitions made in 30s. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline Physical-Functional Fitness (8-Foot Up and Go Test) at 3 and 6 months of exercise and 3-months follow-up, respectively. | Baseline, after 3 months of intervention, 6 months, 3 months follow-up. | Physical-functional fitness is going to be measured via the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) (23). This physical battery includes lower and upper-body strength (30-second chair stand and 30-second arm curl tests, respectively), agility/dynamic balance (8-foot up-and-go test), aerobic endurance (six-minute walk test) and lower and upper-body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach and back scratch tests, respectively). The stand up, walk 8-foot distance (2,44 meters), turn the cone marker around and return to the seated position. The time, in seconds, necessary to complete this test will be registered. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline Physical-Functional Fitness (six-minute walk test) at 3 and 6 months of exercise and 3-months follow-up, respectively. | Time Frame: Baseline, after 3 months of intervention, 6 months, 3 months follow-up | Physical-functional fitness is going to be measured via the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) (23). This physical battery includes lower and upper-body strength (30-second chair stand and 30-second arm curl tests, respectively), agility/dynamic balance (8-foot up-and-go test), aerobic endurance (six-minute walk test) and lower and upper-body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach and back scratch tests, respectively). The participants will be asked to walk the longer distance in 6 min time along a corredor. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Primary | Change from baseline Physical-Functional Fitness (upper and lower body flexibility) at 3 and 6 months of exercise and 3-months follow-up, respectively. | ime Frame: Baseline, after 3 months of intervention, 6 months, 3 months follow-up | Physical-functional fitness is going to be measured via the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) (23). This physical battery includes lower and upper-body strength (30-second chair stand and 30-second arm curl tests, respectively), agility/dynamic balance (8-foot up-and-go test), aerobic endurance (six-minute walk test) and lower and upper-body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach and back scratch tests, respectively). The chair sit \& reach test to assess the flexibility of the lower body, measured in cm. And the back scratch test to assess flexibility on the upper body, measured in cm. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Sociodemographic Assessments are going to measured at baseline. | Baseline | Age (years), academic level (primary, secondary, bachelor, master, PhD), civil status (married, separated, widow, single, others), number of medications, diagnosed diseases, falls in the last 12 months. | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Secondary | Change from baseline Quality of Life at 6 months | Baseline, 6 months | Quality of life will be tested with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Tool (WHOQOL-Bref). | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Outcomes 0
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| Type | Outcome | Time frame | Population | Units | Measured as | Source |
|---|
Results by group 0
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
| Outcome | Group | Category | Value | Spread | Units | Source |
|---|
Participant flow 0
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
| Period | Milestone | Group | Participants | Units counted | Source |
|---|
Adverse events 0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
| Type | Event | Organ system | Group | Affected | At risk | Events | Source |
|---|
Adverse event totals 0
The totals the trial posted for each group.
| Total | Group | Affected | At risk | Source |
|---|
Papers 10
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Grants 0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
| Project | Title | Principal investigators | Organization | Funder | Fiscal years | Source |
|---|
Trial comparisons 0
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
| Comparison | Source |
|---|
Tests 2
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
| Test | Named as | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Stroop Color-Word Test | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
| Symbol Coding | Primary outcome | ConductCognition |
Source 5
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Release | trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Release manifest SHA-256 | 0f4a8d8c48aee2a7573ae0fa94ecbeab70c1adbe449bbc95c424bc7d3e97b9d4 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Registry capture | 2026-11-12 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Results copy, AACT | 2026-03-23 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NIH clinical studies file | 2026-11-13 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Release trials-2026-11-12-0.4.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project files: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)