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Trial · NCT07494552

Registered outcomes14

Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.

ListOutcomeTime frameDescription
PrimaryChange in Salivary Cortisol ConcentrationBaseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.Salivary cortisol concentration will be measured to evaluate the acute endocrine and physiological stress response to different running environments.
SecondaryChange in Heart Rate Variability (HRV)Baseline (pre-exercise), immediately post-exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 10 minutes post-exercise, and 20 minutes post-exercise.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters, specifically RMSSD and SDNN, will be recorded to assess the acute autonomic nervous system responses and recovery. Both parameters share the exact same unit of measure, which is milliseconds (ms).
SecondaryChange in Systolic and Diastolic Blood PressureBaseline (pre-exercise), immediately post-exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 10 minutes post-exercise, and 20 minutes post-exercise.Blood pressure will be measured in mmHg to evaluate the cardiovascular stress response across different running environments.
SecondaryChange in Blood Lactate ConcentrationBaseline (pre-exercise) and immediately post-exercise.Blood lactate will be measured using a portable analyzer to assess metabolic exertion.
SecondaryInhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Task: Reaction TimeBaseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.The Stroop task measures inhibitory control and cognitive interference. This measure reports the reaction time in milliseconds (ms). Lower reaction times indicate better inhibitory control.
SecondaryResponse Inhibition Assessed by the Go/No-Go Task: Reaction TimeBaseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Go/No-Go task is used to evaluate response inhibition and impulse control. This measure reports the reaction time in milliseconds (ms) for "Go" trials. Lower values indicate faster processing speed.
SecondaryChange in Heart RateBaseline (pre-exercise), immediately post-exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 10 minutes post-exercise, and 20 minutes post-exercise.Heart rate will be monitored and recorded in beats per minute (bpm) to assess cardiovascular exertion during the intervention and the subsequent recovery rate.
SecondaryMood State Assessed by Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)Baseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) consists of two subscales to measure both positive affect (10 items) and negative affect (10 items) reflecting the past week. Items are rated on a 5-point scale. For the Positive Affect subscale, the minimum possible score is 10 and the maximum possible score is 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive emotions (a better outcome). For the Negative Affect subscale, the minimum possible score is 10 and the maximum possible score is 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of negative emotions (a worse outcome).
SecondaryChange in Exercise Enjoyment Assessed by Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES)Baseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) is used to evaluate the participant's subjective enjoyment of the exercise session. The scale consists of 18 items, each rated on a 7-point scale (1=completely disagree, 7=completely agree). The total score ranges from 18 to 126. Higher scores indicate a greater level of exercise enjoyment (a better outcome).
SecondaryHabitual Sport Motivation Assessed by Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)Baseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) is used to evaluate habitual, long-term motivation toward sports (reflecting on the past year). It consists of 28 items rated on a 7-point scale (1=does not correspond at all, 7=corresponds exactly). The total global score ranges from 28 to 196. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-determined motivation toward sports (a better outcome).
SecondaryAttentional Control Assessed by Attentional Control Scale (ACS)Baseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
he Attentional Control Scale (ACS) is used to assess the participant's general trait ability to control attention and focus. The scale consists of 20 items rated on a 4-point scale (1=almost never, 4=always). The total score ranges from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate better attentional control capabilities (a better outcome).
SecondaryPerceived Recovery Assessed by Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS)Baseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS) evaluates physical and psychological restoration through 6 items rated on a 5-point scale. The minimum possible total score is 6 and the maximum possible total score is 30. Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived physical and psychological recovery (a better outcome).
SecondaryInhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Task: AccuracyBaseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Stroop task measures inhibitory control and cognitive interference. This measure reports the accuracy as a percentage (%). Higher percentages indicate better cognitive performance and fewer errors.
SecondaryResponse Inhibition Assessed by the Go/No-Go Task: AccuracyBaseline (pre-exercise) and 20 minutes post-exercise.
The Go/No-Go task is used to evaluate response inhibition and impulse control. This measure reports the accuracy of responses as a percentage (%). Higher percentages indicate better impulse control and fewer false alarms.

Source ClinicalTrials.govtrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0

Sources 3

  • ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
  • ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
  • NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain
Each source's terms
  • ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
  • ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
  • NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

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