Trial · NCT07886970
Effects of Immersive VR, Non-Immersive VR, and 3D-Printed Models on Anatomy Learning and Cognitive Load
NCT07886970, Not applicable, Recruiting, Abant Izzet Baysal University
3 sourcestrials-2026-11-12-0.5.0
Cite this record
ConductScience Library. Effects of Immersive VR, Non-Immersive VR, and 3D-Printed Models on Anatomy Learning and Cognitive Load. Trials, record NCT07886970. Release trials-2026-11-12-0.5.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/trials/NCT07886970
On this page
Trial
As registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, in the graph's capture of the registry.
- Title
- Effects of Immersive VR, Non-Immersive VR, and 3D-Printed Models on Anatomy Learning and Cognitive Load
- NCT number
- NCT07886970
- Status
- Recruiting
- Phases
- Not applicable
- Enrollment
- 90 participants, estimated
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Conditions
- Healthy, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Interventions
- Immersive Virtual Reality Experience, Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Experience, 3D printed model Experience
- First posted
- 2026-10-21
- Last updated
- 2026-11-10
Source ClinicalTrials.gov
Registered outcomes7
Each outcome the trial registered, primary first, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
| List | Outcome | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Exam Scores | Baseline, day 1, and 8 weeks later | To assess students' baseline knowledge of anatomical terminology and general anatomy, a general knowledge test will be administered before the pre-test, and participants will be allocated to groups based on their test scores. Learning performance will be assessed using a 20-item multiple-choice test and a five-station Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE), administered before and after the intervention. The assessments will cover bony landmarks, anatomical relationships, important anatomical structures, attachment sites, and functions. |
| Secondary | Cyber-Sickness Questionnaire in Virtual Reality | Baseline, within 30 minutes after intervention | Participants will be asked to assess post-session side effects using the Cyber-Sickness Questionnaire in Virtual Reality (CSQ-VR). The CSQ-VR is a 7-point Likert scale consisting of six questions that assess three types of cyber-sickness symptoms: Nausea, Vestibular, and Oculomotor. There are two questions for each symptom category. Participants rate the presence and intensity of each symptom on a scale ranging from "1 - none" to "7 - severe." The CSQ-VR provides a total score, which is the sum of the three subscores, with a maximum score of 42 (14 for each subscore). |
| Secondary | Cognitive Load Assessment | within 30 minutes after intervention, 8 weeks later | The Different Types of Cognitive Load Scale will be used to assess cognitive load. The scale consists of 10 items, each rated from 0 to 10. Lower scores indicate lower cognitive load, whereas higher scores indicate higher cognitive load. Each item is rated from 1 to 10, yielding a total score ranging from 10 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater reported cognitive load. |
| Secondary | Instructional Materials Motivation Survey | within 30 minutes after intervention | The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) will be used to assess changes in students' motivation to learn associated with the instructional methods employed. The original questionnaire consists of 36 items and evaluates motivation across four subscales: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 36 to 180 for the original version and from 24 to 120 for the 24-item Turkish adaptation; higher scores indicate greater motivation. |
| Secondary | Test Anxiety Inventory | baseline, within 30 minutes after intervention | The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) will be used to assess students' cognitive and emotional responses to examination-related anxiety. The inventory consists of 20 items rated on a four-point Likert scale and comprises two subscales: worry and emotionality. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater test anxiety. |
| Secondary | Assessment of the Sense of Realism and Enjoyment of the Application | within 30 minutes after intervention | Participants will complete a feedback questionnaire evaluating the learning instruments using a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). |
| Secondary | MEC Spatial Presence Questionnaire | within 30 minutes after intervention | The MEC Spatial Presence Questionnaire (MEC-SPQ) will be used to assess participants' sense of spatial presence in virtual environments. The questionnaire consists of 64 items across eight subscales: Attention Allocation, Spatial Situation Model, Spatial Presence: Self-Location, Spatial Presence: Possible Actions, Higher Cognitive Involvement, Suspension of Disbelief, Domain-Specific Interest, and Visual Spatial Imagery. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The theoretical total score ranges from 64 to 320, while individual subscale scores range from 8 to 40. Higher scores on the spatial presence subscales indicate a stronger sense of presence in the virtual environment. |
Source ClinicalTrials.gov
Outcomes0
Each outcome the trial posted results for, in ClinicalTrials.gov's words.
None in this release.
Results by group0
Each measurement the trial posted, group by group, in the words and numbers it posted.
None in this release.
Participant flow0
How many started, completed or left each group, period by period.
None in this release.
Adverse events0
Each adverse event the trial posted, group by group: the participants affected out of those at risk.
None in this release.
Adverse event totals0
The totals the trial posted for each group.
None in this release.
Papers0
The papers the trial lists on ClinicalTrials.gov.
None in this release.
Grants0
The grants NIH RePORTER links to the trial, newest funded first: NIH's, and some of AHRQ's, CDC's, FDA's and VA's. Each shows its title, principal investigators, organization and funder in its newest year.
None in this release.
Trial comparisons0
Comparisons of the trial's two groups, calculated by ConductScience from the counts it posted.
None in this release.
Tests0
The ConductCognition tests this trial's registered outcomes name, as ScienceGraph matched them in trial-tests-2026-11-12-0.2.1.
None in this release.
Data dates
The day each source was copied for this release.
Sources 3
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NIH RePORTER's clinical studies and project filesPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
For software
Read this trial from software.
The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.
GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT07886970
GET https://conductscience.org/api/trials/v1/NCT07886970/registered