CHRNA4: cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit
1 protein, 29 patents, 19 drugs, 642 trials, 3,498 NIH grants and 6,471 papers.
Gene 7
Its symbol and name are HGNC's, unless HGNC and NCBI Gene contradict each other.
Proteins 1
Reviewed human proteins whose Swiss-Prot entry states the gene.
| UniProt entry | Protein | Length | Structures | Gene stated in | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P43681 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 | 627 | 12 | Ensembl, GeneID, HGNC | UniProt |
Patents 29
Patents whose sequence listing holds the protein exactly: the same sequence, by SHA-256, length and CRC-64. A sequence a patent lists is not always one it claims.
| Publication | Published | SEQ ID NO | Protein | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP 2026004568 A | 2026-01-14 | 41233 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| EP 4650780 A2 | 2025-11-19 | 8751 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| EP 4641201 A2 | 2025-10-29 | 8945 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| JP 2025529142 A | 2025-09-04 | 935 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| US 12371689 B2 | 2025-07-29 | 935 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| JP 2025517969 A | 2025-06-12 | 8945 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| JP 2025517970 A | 2025-06-12 | 8751 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| EP 4551941 A2 | 2025-05-14 | 37 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| US 11446398 B2 | 2022-09-20 | 15050 | P43681 | Espacenet |
| US 11400116 B2 | 2022-08-02 | 225 | P43681 | Espacenet |
Drugs 19
Drugs a ChEMBL mechanism record says act on the gene's protein, through Open Targets.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Mechanism | Action | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABT-560 | CHEMBL3707354 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 modulator | MODULATOR | ChEMBL |
| ALTINICLINE | CHEMBL111659 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 agonist | AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| AZD1446 | CHEMBL2179529 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 agonist | AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| CP-601927 | CHEMBL3341965 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 partial agonist | PARTIAL AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| CYTISINICLINE | CHEMBL497939 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 partial agonist | PARTIAL AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| DEXMECAMYLAMINE | CHEMBL2103881 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 antagonist | ANTAGONIST | ChEMBL |
| DIANICLINE | CHEMBL187927 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 partial agonist | PARTIAL AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| ISPRONICLINE | CHEMBL188462 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 partial agonist | PARTIAL AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| NICOTINE | CHEMBL3 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 agonist | AGONIST | ChEMBL |
| NICOTINE POLACRILEX | CHEMBL1201536 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2 agonist | AGONIST | ChEMBL |
Trials 642
Trials of those drugs. A trial joins the gene only through a drug that acts on it.
| Trial | Drug | Phase | Results first posted | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07596485 | VARENICLINE | PHASE1/PHASE2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07487818 | NICOTINE | PHASE2/PHASE3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07466875 | NICOTINE | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT07171112 | VARENICLINE | PHASE2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07148232 | NICOTINE | PHASE4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07145866 | VARENICLINE | PHASE4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07099638 | VARENICLINE | PHASE2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07099638 | NICOTINE | PHASE2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07089901 | NICOTINE | PHASE4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07075575 | NICOTINE | ClinicalTrials.gov |
NIH grants 3498
NIH projects whose papers are about the gene, through NIH's grant-paper links.
| Project | Title | Its papers about the gene | Newest fiscal year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R01MH077681 | Cholinergic Contribution to Circuits Guiding Behavioral Responses to Stressors | 34 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| ZIAAG000295 | Immobilized Proteins In Drug Discovery | 20 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| UL1TR001863 | Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award | 19 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| ZIAES090089 | Modulation Of Neuronal Channels and Receptors in the Brain | 16 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| T32MH014276 | Research Training - Biological Sciences | 15 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| K12DA000167 | Clinician Scientist Training Program (CSTP) | 12 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| T32DA007237 | Neurobiology of Addiction Training Program | 12 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P30CA076292 | Moffitt Cancer Center Support Grant | 10 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P42ES010356 | Duke University Superfund Research Center - Developmental Co-Exposures: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Remediation | 10 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P60AA007611 | Center on Genetic Determinants of Alcohol Ingestion and Responses to Alcohol | 10 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
Papers 6471
Newest first. Swiss-Prot's references are curated; PubTator's text mining finds papers that name the gene, not always ones about it.
| PMID | Found by | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 42795812 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42737834 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42692134 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42624846 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42607591 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42556725 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42523149 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42511673 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42450170 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42375743 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
Release gene-search-2026-11-11-0.1.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ChEMBL, through Open Targets: CC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
EMBL-EBI's patent proteins: EMBL-EBI's patent protein files from the EPO, JPO, KIPO and USPTO. EMBL-EBI: "EMBL-EBI itself places no additional restrictions on the use or redistribution of the data available via its Data Resources and Tools other than those provided by the original data owners" and "EMBL-EBI expects attribution (e.g. in publications, services or products) for the use of any of its Data Resources and Tools." Read on 11 Nov 2026 at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/terms-of-use
GenBank's patent files: GenBank's patent files. NCBI: "NCBI places no restrictions on the use or distribution of the GenBank data. However, some submitters may claim patent, copyright, or other intellectual property rights in all or a portion of the data they have submitted." Read on 11 Nov 2026 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/about/
HGNC: CC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
NCBI Gene: None named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
NIH's project files and grant-paper links: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)
Open Targets: CC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PubTator 3: Public domain
UniProt: CC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license