ACE: angiotensin I converting enzyme
1 protein, 77 patents, 26 drugs, 271 trials, 8,748 NIH grants and 40,411 papers.
Gene 7
Its symbol and name are HGNC's, unless HGNC and NCBI Gene contradict each other.
Proteins 1
Reviewed human proteins whose Swiss-Prot entry states the gene.
| UniProt entry | Protein | Length | Structures | Gene stated in | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P12821 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | 1,306 | 97 | Ensembl, GeneID, HGNC | UniProt |
Patents 77
Patents whose sequence listing holds the protein exactly: the same sequence, by SHA-256, length and CRC-64. A sequence a patent lists is not always one it claims.
| Publication | Published | SEQ ID NO | Protein | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US 12653839 B2 | 2026-06-16 | 156 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| JP 2026004568 A | 2026-01-14 | 37386 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4667578 A2 | 2025-12-24 | 100 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4667578 A2 | 2025-12-24 | 99 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4650780 A2 | 2025-11-19 | 3446 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4640849 A2 | 2025-10-29 | 432 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4641201 A2 | 2025-10-29 | 3029 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4641202 A2 | 2025-10-29 | 176 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| EP 4641203 A2 | 2025-10-29 | 114 | P12821 | Espacenet |
| JP 2025147176 A | 2025-10-06 | 112 | P12821 | Espacenet |
Drugs 26
Drugs a ChEMBL mechanism record says act on the gene's protein, through Open Targets.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Mechanism | Action | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BENAZEPRIL | CHEMBL838 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE | CHEMBL1694 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| CAPTOPRIL | CHEMBL1560 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| CILAZAPRIL | CHEMBL515606 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| DELAPRIL | CHEMBL589583 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| ENALAPRIL | CHEMBL578 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| ENALAPRIL MALEATE | CHEMBL1200659 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| ENALAPRILAT | CHEMBL3989406 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS | CHEMBL577 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
| FOSINOPRIL | CHEMBL3039598 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | INHIBITOR | ChEMBL |
Trials 271
Trials of those drugs. A trial joins the gene only through a drug that acts on it.
| Trial | Drug | Phase | Results first posted | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07363343 | ENALAPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT07272486 | CAPTOPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT07259733 | PERINDOPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT07222852 | ENALAPRIL | PHASE3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT07099677 | RAMIPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT07023003 | ENALAPRIL | PHASE4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT06788314 | ENALAPRIL | PHASE2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT06745726 | LISINOPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT06275763 | PERINDOPRIL | PHASE4 | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT06259175 | PERINDOPRIL | ClinicalTrials.gov |
NIH grants 8748
NIH projects whose papers are about the gene, through NIH's grant-paper links.
| Project | Title | Its papers about the gene | Newest fiscal year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UL1TR001863 | Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award | 53 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P30AG021332 | Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper OAIC - Renewal | 36 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| T32HL094301 | Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Research Training Program | 26 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| T32HL130025 | Multidisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Inequalities in Cardiovascular Health | 25 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P30CA008748 | Cancer Center Support Grant | 21 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| U01DK060902 | Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Clinical Center | 21 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| P30CA016672 | Cancer Center Support Grant | 20 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| U01DK060963 | Tulane Clinical Center for Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study | 20 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| U01DK060984 | Prospective renal insufficiency cohort evaluation: PRICE | 19 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
| U01DK061022 | Limited Competition for the Continuation of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Hopkins Clinical Center | 19 | 2,025 | NIH's project files |
Papers 40411
Newest first. Swiss-Prot's references are curated; PubTator's text mining finds papers that name the gene, not always ones about it.
| PMID | Found by | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 42813201 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42808983 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42796473 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42794105 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42776811 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42775903 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42775047 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42769660 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42756361 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
| 42750874 | PubTator, text mining | PubMed |
Release gene-search-2026-11-11-0.1.0
ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACT: ClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299 ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
ChEMBL, through Open Targets: CC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.gov: none stated ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
EMBL-EBI's patent proteins: EMBL-EBI's patent protein files from the EPO, JPO, KIPO and USPTO. EMBL-EBI: "EMBL-EBI itself places no additional restrictions on the use or redistribution of the data available via its Data Resources and Tools other than those provided by the original data owners" and "EMBL-EBI expects attribution (e.g. in publications, services or products) for the use of any of its Data Resources and Tools." Read on 11 Nov 2026 at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/terms-of-use
GenBank's patent files: GenBank's patent files. NCBI: "NCBI places no restrictions on the use or distribution of the GenBank data. However, some submitters may claim patent, copyright, or other intellectual property rights in all or a portion of the data they have submitted." Read on 11 Nov 2026 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/about/
HGNC: CC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
NCBI Gene: None named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
NIH's project files and grant-paper links: Public domain (NIH RePORTER)
Open Targets: CC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PubTator 3: Public domain
UniProt: CC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license