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Paper · 11106938

Mapping of the chicken immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region gene locus reveals an inverted alpha gene upstream of a condensed upsilon gene.

Zhao Y and 3 others. Immunology, 2000. Cited by 53 papers, by iCite.

11 sourcespapers-2026-11-12-0.1.0

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ConductScience Library. Mapping of the chicken immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region gene locus reveals an inverted alpha gene upstream of a condensed upsilon gene. Papers, record 11106938. Release papers-2026-11-12-0.1.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11106938

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Paper

PubMed's record of the paper, with iCite's citation figures. No abstract is shown.

Title
Mapping of the chicken immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region gene locus reveals an inverted alpha gene upstream of a condensed upsilon gene.
PubMed
Journal
Immunology
PubMed
Year
2000
PubMed
Publication types
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
Citations, by iCite
53
iCite
Relative citation ratio, by iCite
0.97
iCite
Revised in PubMed
2019-05-13
PubMed

Authors4

The authors in the order PubMed's record lists them, with the ORCID iDs it states.

OrderAuthorForenameKindORCID iD
1Zhao YY
2Rabbani HH
3Shimizu AA
4Hammarström LL

Source PubMed

Topics15

NLM's MeSH indexing of the paper, its major topics first.

MeSH termMajor
ChickensMajor topic
Genes, ImmunoglobulinMajor topic
Immunoglobulin Constant RegionsMajor topic
Immunoglobulin Heavy ChainsMajor topic
Animals
Base Sequence
Chromosome Mapping
Exons
Genome
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulins
Introns
Polymorphism, Genetic
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Source PubMed

Grants0

Each grant PubMed's record writes, matched to the NIH project NIH's grant and paper links name for this paper, and each of those links the record does not write.

None in this release.

Trials0

The trials whose ClinicalTrials.gov record lists the paper, and the trial numbers the paper's PubMed record names.

None in this release.

Comments and corrections0

PubMed's comments and corrections, NLM's own indexing: retractions first, then expressions of concern, errata and updates, and comments last.

None in this release.

References32

The papers the reference list in PubMed's record names, those in our copy of PubMed, in the list's order.

OrderPMIDTitleJournalYearIn PapersSource
11,401,901Structural relationship between the two IgY of the duck, Anas platyrhynchos: molecular genetic evidence.J Immunol1992https://conductscience.org/library/papers/1401901PubMed
28,303,071What in the dickens is with these chickens? An only slightly silly response to the first draft of Langman and Cohn.Res Immunol1993https://conductscience.org/library/papers/8303071PubMed
37,989,756One gene encodes the heavy chains for three different forms of IgY in the duck.J Immunol1994https://conductscience.org/library/papers/7989756PubMed
47,870,165Antibody structure. The duck's dilemma.Nature1995https://conductscience.org/library/papers/7870165PubMed
57,546,196IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies.Immunol Today1995https://conductscience.org/library/papers/7546196PubMed
68,577,748The chicken beta 2-microglobulin gene is located on a non-major histocompatibility complex microchromosome: a small, G+C-rich gene with X and Y boxes in the promoter.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1996https://conductscience.org/library/papers/8577748PubMed
710,553,909The chicken B locus is a minimal essential major histocompatibility complex.Nature1999https://conductscience.org/library/papers/10553909PubMed
810,586,880The dynamics of chromosome evolution in birds and mammals.Nature1999https://conductscience.org/library/papers/10586880PubMed
95,257,969The covalent structure of an entire gammaG immunoglobulin molecule.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1969https://conductscience.org/library/papers/5257969PubMed
104,566,557Immunoglobulin A: site and sequence of expression in developing chicks.Science1973https://conductscience.org/library/papers/4566557PubMed

1 to 10 of 32

See all 32 references

Cited by27

The papers in our copy of PubMed whose reference list names this one, newest first. iCite, which reads more sources, counts 53 citations.

PMIDTitleJournalYearIn PapersSource
41,727,463Unique chicken B cell development: species-specific mechanisms and contradictory requirements of B cell receptor for post-hatched B cell development.Front Immunol2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41727463PubMed
35,169,260The role of chromatin loop extrusion in antibody diversification.Nat Rev Immunol2022https://conductscience.org/library/papers/35169260PubMed
31,741,010A potential nomenclature for the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) of chicken MHC genes: progress and problems.Immunogenetics2020https://conductscience.org/library/papers/31741010PubMed
29,312,297Tracing the Origins of IgE, Mast Cells, and Allergies by Studies of Wild Animals.Front Immunol2017https://conductscience.org/library/papers/29312297PubMed
28,832,642The remnant of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) IgD gene.PLoS One2017https://conductscience.org/library/papers/28832642PubMed
28,403,146Three IgH isotypes, IgM, IgA and IgY are expressed in Gentoo penguin and zebra finch.PLoS One2017https://conductscience.org/library/papers/28403146PubMed
27,907,066B Cell-Based Seamless Engineering of Antibody Fc Domains.PLoS One2016https://conductscience.org/library/papers/27907066PubMed
27,879,632Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology (Basel)2016https://conductscience.org/library/papers/27879632PubMed
25,873,751AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations.Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci2006https://conductscience.org/library/papers/25873751PubMed
25,427,250The immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates.Biomolecules2014https://conductscience.org/library/papers/25427250PubMed

1 to 10 of 27

See all 27 cited by

Genes0

The genes the Gene search release ties to the paper: Swiss-Prot's references first, then PubTator's text mining.

None in this release.

Drugs0

The drugs whose trials, in the Pipelines release, list the paper.

None in this release.

Data0

The data bank entries PubMed's record names. Trial numbers are under Trials.

None in this release.

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

PubMed
2026-11-06
PubMed
iCite
2026-11-05
iCite
PMC's ID file
2026-11-05
PMC's ID file
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
2026-11-01
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
Trials
2026-11-12
Gene search
2026-11-11
Pipelines
2026-09-18

Sources 11

  • ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
  • ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
  • HGNCCC0
  • iCiteCC BY 4.0
  • NCBI GenePublic domain (US government)
  • NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain
  • Open TargetsCC0 1.0
  • PMC's ID filePublic domain (US government)
  • PubMedNLM's terms
  • PubTator 3Public domain
  • UniProtCC BY 4.0
Each source's terms
  • ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  • ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
  • HGNCCC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
  • iCiteCC BY 4.0
  • NCBI GeneNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
  • NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
  • Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  • PMC's ID fileNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
  • PubMedNLM's terms
  • PubTator 3Public domain
  • UniProtCC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

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