ConductScience.org, home

Paper · 11372012

Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment.

Hróbjartsson A and 1 other. N Engl J Med, 2001. Cited by 1,009 papers, by iCite.

11 sourcespapers-2026-11-12-0.1.0

Download JSON
Cite this record

ConductScience Library. Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. Papers, record 11372012. Release papers-2026-11-12-0.1.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11372012

On this page

Paper

PubMed's record of the paper, with iCite's citation figures. No abstract is shown.

Title
Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment.
PubMed
Journal
N Engl J Med
PubMed
Year
2001
PubMed
Publication types
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
PubMed
Citations, by iCite
1,009
iCite
Relative citation ratio, by iCite
31.8
iCite
Revised in PubMed
2025-06-23
PubMed

Authors2

The authors in the order PubMed's record lists them, with the ORCID iDs it states.

OrderAuthorForenameKindORCID iD
1Hróbjartsson AA
2Gøtzsche PCP C

Source PubMed

Topics17

NLM's MeSH indexing of the paper, its major topics first.

MeSH termMajor
Placebo EffectMajor topic
PlacebosMajor topic
Anxiety
Asthma
Confidence Intervals
Depression
Empirical Research
Hypertension
Nausea
Obesity
Pain Management
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Risk
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Smoking Cessation
Treatment Outcome

Source PubMed

Grants0

Each grant PubMed's record writes, matched to the NIH project NIH's grant and paper links name for this paper, and each of those links the record does not write.

None in this release.

Trials0

The trials whose ClinicalTrials.gov record lists the paper, and the trial numbers the paper's PubMed record names.

None in this release.

Comments and corrections6

PubMed's comments and corrections, NLM's own indexing: retractions first, then expressions of concern, errata and updates, and comments last.

KindPMIDTitleIn PapersSource
Comment in11,372,013Clinical practice. Current approaches to cervical-cancer screening.https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11372013PubMed
Comment in11,372,017The powerful placebo and the Wizard of Oz.https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11372017PubMed
Comment in11,680,452Is the placebo powerless?https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11680452PubMed
Comment in11,680,453Is the placebo powerless?https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11680453PubMed
Comment in11,829,561Review: placebo is better than no treatment for subjective continuous outcomes and for treatment of pain.https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11829561PubMed
Comment in11,915,818Review: placebo is better than no treatment for subjective continuous outcomes and for treatment of pain.https://conductscience.org/library/papers/11915818PubMed

References0

The papers the reference list in PubMed's record names, those in our copy of PubMed, in the list's order.

None in this release.

Cited by330

The papers in our copy of PubMed whose reference list names this one, newest first. iCite, which reads more sources, counts 1,009 citations.

PMIDTitleJournalYearIn PapersSource
42,390,710Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Older Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial.Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/42390710PubMed
42,104,173Supply and Demand in the Mathematics of Rare Disease Drug Development: Why Choosing the Right Model Is Crucial.Clin Transl Sci2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/42104173PubMed
42,056,755The Placebo Effect in Rare Disease Clinical Trials: Measurement, Impact, and Statistical Approaches for Patient-as-Own-Control Designs.Clin Transl Sci2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/42056755PubMed
41,997,697Measuring and appraising placebo effects in clinical trials: contemporary challenges and approaches in psychiatry.Lancet Psychiatry2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41997697PubMed
41,898,179Reconsidering Placebo Effects in Neuromodulation for Parkinson's Disease: Lessons for Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Translation.Biomedicines2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41898179PubMed
41,807,766Cure as medicine's constitutive aim: a defence of the refined curative thesis.Med Health Care Philos2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41807766PubMed
41,402,551Neurofeedback, Biofeedback, and Basic Learning Theory: Revisiting the 2011 Conceptual Framework.Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback2026https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41402551PubMed
41,048,668Surgery for pineal cysts with symptoms in the absence of hydrocephalus: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine2025https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41048668PubMed
40,906,977Safety and Efficacy of Perispinal Etanercept for Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Neurology2025https://conductscience.org/library/papers/40906977PubMed
40,721,322Isolating Brain Mechanisms of Expectancy Effects on Pain: Cue-Based Stimulus Expectancies versus Placebo-Based Treatment Expectancies.J Neurosci2025https://conductscience.org/library/papers/40721322PubMed

1 to 10 of 330

See all 330 cited by

Genes0

The genes the Gene search release ties to the paper: Swiss-Prot's references first, then PubTator's text mining.

None in this release.

Drugs0

The drugs whose trials, in the Pipelines release, list the paper.

None in this release.

Data0

The data bank entries PubMed's record names. Trial numbers are under Trials.

None in this release.

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

PubMed
2026-11-06
PubMed
iCite
2026-11-05
iCite
PMC's ID file
2026-11-05
PMC's ID file
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
2026-11-01
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
Trials
2026-11-12
Gene search
2026-11-11
Pipelines
2026-09-18

Sources 11

  • ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
  • ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
  • HGNCCC0
  • iCiteCC BY 4.0
  • NCBI GenePublic domain (US government)
  • NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain
  • Open TargetsCC0 1.0
  • PMC's ID filePublic domain (US government)
  • PubMedNLM's terms
  • PubTator 3Public domain
  • UniProtCC BY 4.0
Each source's terms
  • ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  • ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
  • HGNCCC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
  • iCiteCC BY 4.0
  • NCBI GeneNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
  • NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
  • Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  • PMC's ID fileNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
  • PubMedNLM's terms
  • PubTator 3Public domain
  • UniProtCC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

For software

Read this paper from software.

The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.

GET https://conductscience.org/api/papers/v1/11372012

GET https://conductscience.org/api/papers/v1/11372012/cited_by?page=2