Paper · 17550422

Study design of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR).

TRIGR Study Group. Pediatr Diabetes, 2007. Cited by 59 papers, by iCite.

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ConductScience Library. Study design of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR). Papers, record 17550422. Release papers-2026-11-12-0.1.0, 12 Nov 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/papers/17550422

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Paper

PubMed's record of the paper, with iCite's citation figures. No abstract is shown.

Title: Study design of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR).; PubMed
Journal: Pediatr Diabetes; PubMed
Year: 2007; PubMed
Publication types: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; PubMed
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17550422/; PubMed
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00239.x; PubMed
PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5859545/; PubMed
The journal: https://conductscience.org/library/journal-index/100939345; PubMed
Citations, by iCite: 59; iCite
Relative citation ratio, by iCite: 1.44; iCite
Revised in PubMed: 2020-10-20; PubMed

Authors1

The authors in the order PubMed's record lists them, with the ORCID iDs it states.

Order	Author	Forename	Kind	ORCID iD
1	TRIGR Study Group		Group

Source PubMed

Topics15

NLM's MeSH indexing of the paper, its major topics first.

MeSH term	Major
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	Major topic
Animals
Autoantibodies
Child
Child, Preschool
Double-Blind Method
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant Food
Milk
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Placebos
Research Design
Risk Assessment

Source PubMed

Grants3

Each grant PubMed's record writes, matched to the NIH project NIH's grant and paper links name for this paper, and each of those links the record does not write.

Grant, as the record writes it	Agency	Country	NIH project	Stated by	Source
R01 HD051997	NICHD NIH HHS	United States	U01HD051997	PubMed and NIH	NIH RePORTER
U01 HD042444	NICHD NIH HHS	United States	U01HD042444	PubMed and NIH	NIH RePORTER
U01 HD051997	NICHD NIH HHS	United States	U01HD051997	PubMed and NIH	NIH RePORTER

Trials1

The trials whose ClinicalTrials.gov record lists the paper, and the trial numbers the paper's PubMed record names.

Trial	Title	The trial lists it as	Named in the paper's record
NCT00179777	TRIGR - Primary Prevention Study for Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Risk	Background

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

Comments and corrections0

PubMed's comments and corrections, NLM's own indexing: retractions first, then expressions of concern, errata and updates, and comments last.

None in this release.

References89

The papers the reference list in PubMed's record names, those in our copy of PubMed, in the list's order.

Order	PMID	Title	Journal	Year	In Papers	Source
1	4,139,522	Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polyendocrine deficiencies.	Lancet	1974	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/4139522	PubMed
2	8,425,665	Early exposure to cow's milk and solid foods in infancy, genetic predisposition, and risk of IDDM.	Diabetes	1993	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/8425665	PubMed
3	9,833,935	Autoantibodies associated with Type I diabetes mellitus persist after diagnosis in children.	Diabetologia	1998	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/9833935	PubMed
4	10,535,447	Lack of association between duration of breast-feeding or introduction of cow's milk and development of islet autoimmunity.	Diabetes	1999	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/10535447	PubMed
5	9,075,798	Potential mechanisms by which certain foods promote or inhibit the development of spontaneous diabetes in BB rats: dose, timing, early effect on islet area, and switch in infiltrate from Th1 to Th2 cells.	Diabetes	1997	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/9075798	PubMed
6	12,037,147	Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.	N Engl J Med	2002	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/12037147	PubMed
7	14,668,264	Nutritional risk predictors of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age.	Am J Clin Nutr	2003	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/14668264	PubMed
8	7,658,921	Self and non-self antigen in diabetic autoimmunity: molecules and mechanisms.	Mol Aspects Med	1995	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/7658921	PubMed
9	3,186,714	Aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQ beta chain protects against type I diabetes: a family study.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	1988	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/3186714	PubMed
10	1,916,061	The Fourth International Serum Exchange Workshop to standardize cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. The Immunology and Diabetes Workshops and Participating Laboratories.	Diabetologia	1991	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/1916061	PubMed

1 to 10 of 89

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Cited by36

The papers in our copy of PubMed whose reference list names this one, newest first. iCite, which reads more sources, counts 59 citations.

PMID	Title	Journal	Year	In Papers	Source
41,741,442	Evolving epigenomics of immune cells at single-nucleus resolution in children en route to type 1 diabetes.	Nat Commun	2026	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41741442	PubMed
41,462,339	Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of longitudinal CD4+ T cell samples reveals cell-type-specific changes during early stages of type 1 diabetes.	Genome Med	2025	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/41462339	PubMed
37,218,722	Beta cell function in the early stages of type 1 diabetes: still a long way ahead of us.	Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab	2023	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/37218722	PubMed
35,409,018	Neglected Facts on Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis and Type 1 Diabetes.	Int J Mol Sci	2022	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/35409018	PubMed
34,401,073	Dietary compliance in a randomized double-blind infant feeding trial during infancy aiming at prevention of type 1 diabetes.	Food Sci Nutr	2021	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/34401073	PubMed
33,474,583	Growth and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children genetically at risk.	Diabetologia	2021	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/33474583	PubMed
32,548,702	Association of diabetes-related autoantibodies with the incidence of asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis in the TRIGR randomised clinical trial.	Diabetologia	2020	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/32548702	PubMed
29,693,777	Milk feeding and first complementary foods during the first year of life in the TEDDY study.	Matern Child Nutr	2018	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/29693777	PubMed
28,510,587	Sibling method increases risk assessment estimates for type 1 diabetes.	PLoS One	2017	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/28510587	PubMed
27,714,970	Regional differences in milk and complementary feeding patterns in infants participating in an international nutritional type 1 diabetes prevention trial.	Matern Child Nutr	2017	https://conductscience.org/library/papers/27714970	PubMed

1 to 10 of 36

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Genes0

The genes the Gene search release ties to the paper: Swiss-Prot's references first, then PubTator's text mining.

None in this release.

Drugs0

The drugs whose trials, in the Pipelines release, list the paper.

None in this release.

Data0

The data bank entries PubMed's record names. Trial numbers are under Trials.

None in this release.

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

PubMed: 2026-11-06; PubMed
iCite: 2026-11-05; iCite
PMC's ID file: 2026-11-05; PMC's ID file
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links: 2026-11-01; NIH RePORTER's grant and paper links
Trials: 2026-11-12
Gene search: 2026-11-11
Pipelines: 2026-09-18

Sources 11

ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
HGNCCC0
iCiteCC BY 4.0
NCBI GenePublic domain (US government)
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain
Open TargetsCC0 1.0
PMC's ID filePublic domain (US government)
PubMedNLM's terms
PubTator 3Public domain
UniProtCC BY 4.0

Each source's terms

ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
HGNCCC0: https://www.genenames.org/about/license/
iCiteCC BY 4.0
NCBI GeneNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
NIH RePORTER's grant and paper linksPublic domain (NIH RePORTER)
Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PMC's ID fileNone named for the file. NCBI says information created by or for the US government on its site is in the public domain, and asks that NLM be acknowledged: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/
PubMedNLM's terms
PubTator 3Public domain
UniProtCC BY 4.0. UniProt's licence file: "All databases and documents in the UniProt FTP directory may be copied and redistributed freely, without advance permission, provided that this copyright statement is reproduced with each copy." UniProt asks that users cite its latest paper: The UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025, Nucleic Acids Research 53:D609-D617, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1010. Read on 9 Nov 2026 at https://www.uniprot.org/help/license

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

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