Disease · MONDO_0019499
Turner syndrome
6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0
Cite this record
ConductScience Library. Turner syndrome. Diseases, record MONDO_0019499. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/MONDO_0019499
On this page
Disease
Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.
- Other names
- 45,X gonadal dysgenesis, 45,X syndrome, 45,X/46,XX syndrome, 45,X0 syndrome, 45X syndrome, karyotype 45, X
- Open Targets
- Highest stage of its drugs
- Approval, for 1 of its 13 drugs, from DailyMed, EMA Human Drugs and PMDA
- Open Targets
Drugs13
The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Type | Open Targets' stage | Stage reported by | Reports | Of them trials | Trials shown here | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOMATROPIN | CHEMBL1201621 | Protein | Approval | DailyMed, EMA Human Drugs and PMDA | 34 | 24 | 22 | Drugs and targets |
| ESTRADIOL | CHEMBL135 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 6 | 6 | 6 | Drugs and targets |
| OXANDROLONE | CHEMBL1200436 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 3 | 3 | 3 | Drugs and targets |
| ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | CHEMBL691 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 2 | 2 | 2 | Drugs and targets |
| LONAPEGSOMATROPIN | CHEMBL4298185 | Protein | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 2 | 2 | 2 | Drugs and targets |
| ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED | CHEMBL1201649 | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 0 | Drugs and targets | |
| MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | CHEMBL717 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| SOMAPACITAN | CHEMBL3707290 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| ESTRADIOL VALERATE | CHEMBL1511 | Small molecule | Phase 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| PROGESTERONE | CHEMBL103 | Small molecule | Phase 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 13
See all 13 drugsTargets5
The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.
| Target | Protein | Its drugs that act on it | Mechanisms | Highest stage of those drugs | Gene in Genes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESR1 | Estrogen receptor | 4 | Estrogen receptor agonist; Estrogen receptor alpha agonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2099 | Drugs and targets |
| GHR | Growth hormone receptor | 3 | Growth hormone receptor agonist | Approval | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2690 | Drugs and targets |
| AR | Androgen receptor | 2 | Androgen Receptor agonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/367 | Drugs and targets |
| PGR | Progesterone receptor | 2 | Progesterone receptor agonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5241 | Drugs and targets |
| ESR2 | Estrogen receptor | 1 | Estrogen receptor agonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2100 | Drugs and targets |
Trials30
Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs. 2 more are not shown, since the checks do not confirm them.
| Trial | Title | Phase | Participants | Results first posted | Conditions | Drugs | Linked by | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01088412 | Observational Study of Somatropin Treatment in Children | 22,845 | 2019-05-13 | Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency, Short Stature Homeobox Containing Gene (SHOX) Deficiency, SHOX Deficiency-related Disorder, Non-GH-deficient Growth Disorders | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT00256126 | Predictive Markers in Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) and Turner Syndrome (TS) Children Treated With SAIZEN® | Phase 4 | 318 | 2018-03-20 | Growth Hormone Deficiency, Turner Syndrome | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00191113 | Somatropin Treatment to Final Height in Turner Syndrome | Phase 3 | 154 | 2010-01-27 | Turner Syndrome | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL, MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE, SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00266656 | Long-Term Growth and Skeletal Effects of Early Growth Hormone Treatment in Turner Syndrome | Phase 4 | 69 | 2016-08-23 | Turner Syndrome | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT01367834 | Effect of Growth Hormone on Early Brain Development in Girls With Turner Syndrome | Not applicable | 17 | 2017-03-24 | Turner Syndrome | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00960128 | Observational Prospective Study on Patients Treated With Norditropin® | 21,249 | Growth Hormone Disorder, Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children, Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency, Genetic Disorder, Turner Syndrome, Foetal Growth Problem, Small for Gestational Age, Chronic Kidney Disease, Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Noonan Syndrome | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT06110910 | Long-term Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Growth Hormone in Children in China(CGLS) | 10,000 | Childhood Short Stature | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT06037473 | The Efficacy and Safety of PEGylated GH for the Treatment of Short Stature in Chinese Children-GLOBE Reg | 2,600 | Growth Hormone Treatment, Growth Disorders | SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT05330325 | A Research Study to Compare Somapacitan Once a Week With Norditropin® Once a Day in Children Who Need Help to Grow | Phase 3 | 412 | SGA, Turner Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, ISS | SOMAPACITAN, SOMATROPIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT00004274 | Effect of Estrogen on Mental and Social Functioning in Girls With Turner's Syndrome | Not applicable | 260 | Turner's Syndrome | ESTROGEN | Open Targets' reading of its record | ClinicalTrials.gov |
1 to 10 of 30
See all 30 trialsComparisons in its trials11
Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.
| Comparison | Group 1, with the outcome | Group 2, with the outcome | Participants | Trial | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turner Syndrome (TS) vs Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD): serious adverse events | 0 of 149 | 1 of 169 | 318 | NCT00256126 | Trial comparisons |
| Treated-As-Randomized Control vs Treated-As-Randomized Humatrope: serious adverse events | 10 of 54 | 22 of 74 | 128 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Hormone: Number of Participants With Abnormal Impedance Tympanometry, Audiologist Assessment | 2 of 19 | 18 of 53 | 72 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Hormone: Number of Participants With an Abnormal Pure Tone Audiometry, Audiologist Assessment | 10 of 19 | 29 of 53 | 72 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Hormone: Number of Participants With Abnormal Speech Audiometry, Audiologist Assessment | 3 of 19 | 12 of 53 | 72 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| Early Treated vs Early Untreated: serious adverse events | 6 of 36 | 5 of 33 | 69 | NCT00266656 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Humatrope: Number of Participants With Any Abnormal Fasting Insulin Value | 1 of 21 | 2 of 40 | 61 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Hormone: Number of Participants With Any Abnormal Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Value | 0 of 21 | 0 of 40 | 61 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Humatrope: Number of Participants With Any Abnormal Fasting Glucose Value | 0 of 21 | 3 of 39 | 60 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
| As-Treated No Growth Hormone vs As-Treated Growth Hormone: Number of Participants With Any Abnormal Fasting Glucose/Insulin Ratio Value | 1 of 21 | 3 of 38 | 59 | NCT00191113 | Trial comparisons |
1 to 10 of 11
See all 11 comparisons in its trialsPapers from its trials34
The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.
Data dates
The date of each source this release read.
Sources 6
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0
- PubMedNLM's terms
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- PubMedNLM's terms
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
For software
Read this disease from software.
The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0019499
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0019499/trials?page=2