Disease · MONDO_0002108
thyroid cancer
6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0
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ConductScience Library. thyroid cancer. Diseases, record MONDO_0002108. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/MONDO_0002108
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Disease
Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.
- Other names
cancer of thyroid gland, malignant neoplasm of the thyroid, malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland, malignant neoplasm of thyroid, malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland, malignant thyroid gland neoplasm, malignant thyroid gland tumor, malignant thyroid gland tumour, malignant thyroid neoplasm, malignant thyroid tumor, malignant thyroid tumour, malignant tumor of the thyroid, malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, malignant tumor of thyroid, malignant tumor of thyroid gland, malignant tumour of the thyroid, malignant tumour of the thyroid gland, malignant tumour of thyroid, malignant tumour of thyroid gland, thyroid gland cancer
- Open Targets
- Highest stage of its drugs
- Approval, for 6 of its 95 drugs, from DailyMed, FDA, PMDA and TTD
- Open Targets
Drugs95
The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Type | Open Targets' stage | Stage reported by | Reports | Of them trials | Trials shown here | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LENVATINIB | CHEMBL1289601 | Small molecule | Approval | TTD | 10 | 9 | 9 | Drugs and targets |
| CABOZANTINIB | CHEMBL2105717 | Small molecule | Approval | TTD | 7 | 6 | 6 | Drugs and targets |
| THYROTROPIN ALFA | CHEMBL1201533 | Protein | Approval | TTD | 4 | 3 | 3 | Drugs and targets |
| SELPERCATINIB | CHEMBL4559134 | Small molecule | Approval | FDA and TTD | 3 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| LENVATINIB MESYLATE | CHEMBL2105704 | Small molecule | Approval | DailyMed and PMDA | 2 | 0 | 0 | Drugs and targets |
| LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM | CHEMBL2103741 | Small molecule | Approval | DailyMed | 1 | 0 | 0 | Drugs and targets |
| DABRAFENIB | CHEMBL2028663 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 13 | 13 | 13 | Drugs and targets |
| TRAMETINIB | CHEMBL2103875 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 13 | 13 | 13 | Drugs and targets |
| RIVOCERANIB | CHEMBL3186534 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 5 | 5 | 5 | Drugs and targets |
| CM-4307 | CHEMBL4297490 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 4 | 4 | 4 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 95
See all 95 drugsTargets177
The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.
| Target | Protein | Its drugs that act on it | Mechanisms | Highest stage of those drugs | Gene in Genes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KDR | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor | 14 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor | Approval | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/3791 | Drugs and targets |
| FLT4 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor | 12 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor | Approval | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2324 | Drugs and targets |
| FLT1 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor | 11 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor | Approval | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2321 | Drugs and targets |
| KIT | Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit | 8 | Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor | Phase 2/3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/3815 | Drugs and targets |
| PDCD1 | Programmed cell death protein 1 | 8 | Programmed cell death protein 1 antagonist; Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5133 | Drugs and targets |
| PDGFRB | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | 8 | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta inhibitor; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor | Phase 2/3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5159 | Drugs and targets |
| BRAF | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf | 7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf inhibitor | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/673 | Drugs and targets |
| RET | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 6/Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RET | 7 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 6/Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RET inhibitor; Kinesin-1 heavy chain/ Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RET inhibitor; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RET inhibitor | Approval | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5979 | Drugs and targets |
| PDGFRA | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | 5 | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha inhibitor; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5156 | Drugs and targets |
| CSF1R | Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor | 4 | Macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor inhibitor | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/1436 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 177
See all 177 targetsTrials115
Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs. 4 more are not shown, since the checks do not confirm them.
| Trial | Title | Phase | Participants | Results first posted | Conditions | Drugs | Linked by | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01876784 | Evaluation of Efficacy, Safety of Vandetanib in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | Phase 3 | 238 | 2017-03-13 | Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | VANDETANIB | Open Targets' reading of its record | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT01843062 | Comparing Complete Remission After Treatment With Selumetinib/Placebo in Patient With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | Phase 3 | 233 | 2019-04-22 | Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | SELUMETINIB | Open Targets' reading of its record | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT03690388 | A Study of Cabozantinib Compared With Placebo in Subjects With Radioiodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Have Progressed After Prior Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) -Targeted Therapy | Phase 3 | 187 | 2023-05-18 | Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | CABOZANTINIB | Open Targets' reading of its record | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04400474 | Trial of Cabozantinib Plus Atezolizumab in Advanced and Progressive Neoplasms of the Endocrine System. The CABATEN Study | Phase 2 | 93 | 2025-06-19 | Neuroendocrine Tumor, Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, Adenocarcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma | ATEZOLIZUMAB, CABOZANTINIB | Open Targets' reading of its record | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT02383927 | Phase II Study of Tipifarnib in Squamous Head and Neck Cancer With HRAS Mutations | Phase 2 | 63 | 2024-07-11 | Thyroid Cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC), HRAS Mutant Tumor, Other Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) With HRAS Mutant Tumor | TIPIFARNIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00094055 | Study of the Anti-angiogenesis Agent AG-013736 in Patients With Metastatic Thyroid Cancer | Phase 2 | 60 | 2012-03-30 | Thyroid Neoplasms | AXITINIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT02393690 | Iodine I-131 With or Without Selumetinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer | Phase 2 | 60 | 2021-08-03 | Metastatic Thyroid Gland Carcinoma, Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma, Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma, Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7, Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7 | SELUMETINIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00654238 | Phase II Trial of Sorafenib (Nexavar) in Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancer | Phase 2 | 59 | 2019-11-18 | Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Metastatic Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer | SORAFENIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT01723202 | Dabrafenib With or Without Trametinib in Treating Patients With Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer | Phase 2 | 53 | 2025-08-24 | Follicular Thyroid Cancer, Insular Thyroid Cancer, Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Recurrent Thyroid Cancer | DABRAFENIB, TRAMETINIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT00389441 | Study Of AG-013736 In Patients With 131I-Refractory Thyroid Cancer | Phase 2 | 52 | 2013-11-25 | Thyroid Neoplasms | AXITINIB | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
1 to 10 of 115
See all 115 trialsComparisons in its trials14
Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.
| Comparison | Group 1, with the outcome | Group 2, with the outcome | Participants | Trial | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI vs Placebo + RAI: deaths from any cause | 1 of 155 | 2 of 78 | 233 | NCT01843062 | Trial comparisons |
| Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI vs Placebo + RAI: serious adverse events | 7 of 154 | 0 of 77 | 231 | NCT01843062 | Trial comparisons |
| Cabozantinib vs Placebo: deaths from any cause | 17 of 125 | 14 of 62 | 187 | NCT03690388 | Trial comparisons |
| Cabozantinib vs Placebo: serious adverse events | 43 of 125 | 18 of 62 | 187 | NCT03690388 | Trial comparisons |
| Arm I (Selumetinib, Iodine I-131) vs Arm II (Placebo, Iodine I-131): deaths from any cause | 0 of 28 | 0 of 30 | 58 | NCT02393690 | Trial comparisons |
| Arm I (Selumetinib, Iodine I-131) vs Arm II (Placebo, Iodine I-131): serious adverse events | 2 of 28 | 1 of 30 | 58 | NCT02393690 | Trial comparisons |
| Arm I (Selumetinib, Iodine I-131) vs Arm II (Placebo, Iodine I-131): Incidence of Adverse Events | 6 of 28 | 1 of 29 | 57 | NCT02393690 | Trial comparisons |
| Arm I (Selumetinib, Iodine I-131) vs Arm II (Placebo, Iodine I-131): Response at 6 Months | 7 of 28 | 2 of 29 | 57 | NCT02393690 | Trial comparisons |
| Arm I (Selumetinib, Iodine I-131) vs Arm II (Placebo, Iodine I-131): Overall Response Rate | 7 of 28 | 2 of 29 | 57 | NCT02393690 | Trial comparisons |
| Cohort A (Iodine I-124 PET/CT, Trametinib, Iodine I-131) vs Cohort B (Iodine I-124 PET/CT, Trametinib, Iodine I-131): deaths from any cause | 6 of 25 | 1 of 9 | 34 | NCT02152995 | Trial comparisons |
1 to 10 of 14
See all 14 comparisons in its trialsPapers from its trials78
The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.
Data dates
The date of each source this release read.
Sources 6
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0
- PubMedNLM's terms
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- PubMedNLM's terms
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
For software
Read this disease from software.
The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0002108
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0002108/drugs?page=2