Disease · HP_0001249
Intellectual disability
6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0
Cite this record
ConductScience Library. Intellectual disability. Diseases, record HP_0001249. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/HP_0001249
On this page
Disease
Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.
- Name
- Intellectual disability
- Open Targets ID
- HP_0001249
- Other names
DEFIC MENTAL, Deficiencies, Mental, Deficiency, Mental, Disabilities, Intellectual, Disability, Intellectual, Idiocy, Intellectual Disabilities, MENTAL DEFIC, Mental Deficiencies, Mental deficiency, Mental retardation, Mental retardation, nonspecific, Nonprogressive intellectual disability, Nonprogressive mental retardation, Psychosocial intellectual disability, intellectual disability, Psychosocial
- Highest stage of its drugs
- Phase 3, for 5 of its 17 drugs, from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source Open Targets
Drugs17
The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Type | Open Targets' stage | Stage reported by | Reports | Of them trials | Trials shown here | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLOZAPINE | CHEMBL42 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 2 | 2 | 2 | Drugs and targets |
| OLANZAPINE | CHEMBL715 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 2 | 2 | 2 | Drugs and targets |
| RISPERIDONE | CHEMBL85 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 2 | 2 | 2 | Drugs and targets |
| NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE | CHEMBL1201149 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| VALGANCICLOVIR | CHEMBL1201314 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| EVEROLIMUS | CHEMBL1908360 | Small molecule | Phase 2/3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| LEUCOVORIN | CHEMBL1679 | Small molecule | Phase 2/3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| LITHIUM CARBONATE | CHEMBL1200826 | Small molecule | Phase 2/3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| AMISULPRIDE | CHEMBL243712 | Small molecule | Phase 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| CANNABIDIOL | CHEMBL190461 | Small molecule | Phase 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 17
See all 17 drugsTargets58
The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.
| Target | Protein | Its drugs that act on it | Mechanisms | Highest stage of those drugs | Gene in Genes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRD2 | D(2) dopamine receptor | 6 | D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist; D2-like dopamine receptor inverse agonist; Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; Dopamine receptor antagonist; Dopamine receptors; D2 & D3 antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/1813 | Drugs and targets |
| HTR2A | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | 6 | Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/3356 | Drugs and targets |
| DRD3 | D2-like dopamine receptor | 4 | D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist; D2-like dopamine receptor inverse agonist; Dopamine receptor antagonist; Dopamine receptors; D2 & D3 antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/1814 | Drugs and targets |
| DRD4 | D2-like dopamine receptor | 3 | D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist; D2-like dopamine receptor inverse agonist; Dopamine receptor antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/1815 | Drugs and targets |
| HTR2C | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C | 3 | Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/3358 | Drugs and targets |
| GABRA1 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel | 2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2554 | Drugs and targets |
| GABRA2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel | 2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2555 | Drugs and targets |
| GABRA3 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel | 2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2556 | Drugs and targets |
| GABRA4 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel | 2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2557 | Drugs and targets |
| GABRA5 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel | 2 | GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator | Phase 2 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2558 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 58
See all 58 targetsTrials12
Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs.
| Trial | Title | Phase | Participants | Results first posted | Conditions | Drugs | Linked by | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00466817 | Short-Term vs. Long-Term Valganciclovir Therapy for Symptomatic Congenital CMV Infections | Phase 3 | 109 | 2013-11-13 | Cytomegalovirus Infection | VALGANCICLOVIR | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04821856 | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cannabidiol in Treating Severe Behavioural Problems in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability | Phase 2 | 132 | Intellectual Disability, Child Behavior Problem | CANNABIDIOL | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT00294593 | Efficacy Study of Folinic Acid to Improve Mental Development of Children With Down Syndrome | Phase 2/3 | 120 | Down Syndrome | LEUCOVORIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT04529226 | Study to Compare Clozapine vs Treatment as Usual in People With Intellectual Disability & Treatment-resistant Psychosis | Phase 2 | 75 | Psychosis, Intellectual Disability | AMISULPRIDE, CLOZAPINE, HALOPERIDOL, OLANZAPINE, PIMOZIDE, RISPERIDONE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT05301361 | Sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox to Stimulant Treatment in Intellectual Disabilities | Phase 1 | 68 | Intellectual Disability, Fragile X Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | METHYLPHENIDATE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT01730209 | Efficacy of RAD001/Everolimus in Autism and NeuroPsychological Deficits in Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex | Phase 2/3 | 60 | Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, TSC Related Cognitive Disability, TSC Related Autism, TSC Related Learning Problems | EVEROLIMUS | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT00065273 | Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs in People With Mental Retardation/Developmental Delay | Phase 3 | 50 | Mental Retardation, Developmental Delay Disorder | CLOZAPINE, OLANZAPINE, RISPERIDONE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT02971254 | The Effects of Inhalational Anaesthetics in Cognitive Functions in Down Syndrome Patients | Phase 2 | 39 | Down Syndrome | DESFLURANE, SEVOFLURANE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT00065936 | Self-Injury: Diagnosis and Treatment | Phase 3 | 37 | Self-Injurious Behavior, Mental Retardation | NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT06789783 | Cornelia De Lange Syndrome: Assessing Positive Effects of Lithium Treatment | Phase 2/3 | 34 | Cornelia De Lange Syndrome | LITHIUM CARBONATE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
1 to 10 of 12
See all 12 trialsComparisons in its trials0
Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.
None in this release.
Papers from its trials5
The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.
Data dates
The date of each source this release read.
Sources 6
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0
- PubMedNLM's terms
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- PubMedNLM's terms
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
For software
Read this disease from software.
The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/HP_0001249
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/HP_0001249/targets?page=2