Disease · MONDO_0004992

cancer

6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0

Cite this record

ConductScience Library. cancer. Diseases, record MONDO_0004992. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/MONDO_0004992

On this page

Disease

Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.

Name: cancer; Open Targets
Open Targets ID: MONDO_0004992; Open Targets
Other names: CA, cell type cancer, malignancy, malignant growth, malignant neoplasm, malignant neoplasm (disease), malignant neoplastic disease, malignant tumor, malignant tumour, neoplasm (disease), malignant, neoplasm, malignant, organ system cancer, primary cancer; Open Targets
Disease Ontology: DOID:0050686; Disease Ontology
Disease Ontology: DOID:0050687; Disease Ontology
Disease Ontology: DOID:162; Disease Ontology
NCI Thesaurus: C9305; NCI Thesaurus
Highest stage of its drugs: Approval, for 64 of its 699 drugs, from ClinicalTrials.gov, DailyMed, EMA Human Drugs, FDA and PMDA; Open Targets

Drugs699

The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.

Drug	ChEMBL ID	Type	Open Targets' stage	Stage reported by	Reports	Of them trials	Trials shown here	Source
TRASTUZUMAB	CHEMBL1201585	Antibody	Approval	PMDA	23	22	22	Drugs and targets
PERTUZUMAB	CHEMBL2007641	Antibody	Approval	PMDA	14	13	13	Drugs and targets
FILGRASTIM	CHEMBL1201567	Protein	Approval	DailyMed, EMA Human Drugs and PMDA	19	7	6	Drugs and targets
ERLOTINIB	CHEMBL553	Small molecule	Approval	PMDA	8	7	7	Drugs and targets
SIROLIMUS	CHEMBL413	Small molecule	Approval	ClinicalTrials.gov	7	7	7	Drugs and targets
PREDNISONE	CHEMBL635	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	9	6	6	Drugs and targets
ERDAFITINIB	CHEMBL3545376	Small molecule	Approval	ClinicalTrials.gov and PMDA	7	6	6	Drugs and targets
MITOMYCIN	CHEMBL105	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	7	6	6	Drugs and targets
ENTRECTINIB	CHEMBL1983268	Small molecule	Approval	EMA Human Drugs	6	5	5	Drugs and targets
PEMIGATINIB	CHEMBL4297522	Small molecule	Approval	PMDA	5	4	4	Drugs and targets

1 to 10 of 699

See all 699 drugs

Targets527

The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.

Target	Protein	Its drugs that act on it	Mechanisms	Highest stage of those drugs	Gene in Genes	Source
KDR	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	24	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/3791	Drugs and targets
FLT4	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	20	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2324	Drugs and targets
FLT1	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	19	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2321	Drugs and targets
TUBA1A	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/7846	Drugs and targets
TUBA1B	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/10376	Drugs and targets
TUBA1C	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/84790	Drugs and targets
TUBA3C	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/7278	Drugs and targets
TUBA3E	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/112714	Drugs and targets
TUBA4A	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/7277	Drugs and targets
TUBB	Tubulin	18	Tubulin disrupting agent; Tubulin inhibitor; Tubulin stabiliser	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/203068	Drugs and targets

1 to 10 of 527

See all 527 targets

Trials844

Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs. 37 more are not shown, since the checks do not confirm them.

Trial	Title	Phase	Participants	Results first posted	Conditions	Drugs	Linked by	Source
NCT02958956	Cohort Study of Pioglitazone and Cancer Incidence in Participants With Diabetes Mellitus.		236,507	2017-01-10	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cancer	PIOGLITAZONE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03740165	Study of Chemotherapy With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Followed by Maintenance With Olaparib (MK-7339) for the First-Line Treatment of Women With BRCA Non-mutated Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) (MK-7339-001/KEYLYNK-001/ENGOT-ov43/GOG-3036)	Phase 3	1,367	2025-09-12	Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, Peritoneal Neoplasms	OLAPARIB, PEMBROLIZUMAB	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01864746	A Study of Palbociclib in Addition to Standard Endocrine Treatment in Hormone Receptor Positive Her2 Normal Patients With Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery	Phase 3	1,250	2023-12-12	Breast Cancer, Hormonreceptor Positive, Her2-normal, Postneoadjuvant Treatment With CDK 4/6 Inhibitor, CPS-EG Score	PALBOCICLIB	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02516241	Study of MEDI4736 (Durvalumab) With or Without Tremelimumab Versus Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Urothelial Cancer	Phase 3	1,126	2021-05-13	Urothelial Cancer	DURVALUMAB, TREMELIMUMAB	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04223856	Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab vs. Chemotherapy Alone in Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer	Phase 3	886	2024-09-27	Urothelial Cancer	ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN, PEMBROLIZUMAB	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05091567	A Phase III, Open-Label Study of Maintenance Lurbinectedin in Combination With Atezolizumab Compared With Atezolizumab in Participants With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer	Phase 3	660	2025-12-29	Small-Cell Lung Cancer	ATEZOLIZUMAB, LURBINECTEDIN	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03963518	Immune-checkpoint Inhibitors and Surrogate Endpoints in Cancer Trials (SURROGATE-ICI)		631	2025-09-15	Cancer Treated With Immune-checkpoint Inhibitors	IPILIMUMAB, NIVOLUMAB	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03390504	A Study of Erdafitinib Compared With Vinflunine or Docetaxel or Pembrolizumab in Participants With Advanced Urothelial Cancer and Selected Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Gene Aberrations	Phase 3	629	2025-05-14	Urothelial Cancer	ERDAFITINIB, PEMBROLIZUMAB	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02658890	An Investigational Immuno-therapy Study of BMS-986205 Given in Combination With Nivolumab and in Combination With Both Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Cancers That Are Advanced or Have Spread	Phase 1/2	627	2023-08-28	Advanced Cancer, Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	IPILIMUMAB, LINRODOSTAT, NIVOLUMAB	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03474107	A Study to Evaluate Enfortumab Vedotin Versus (vs) Chemotherapy in Subjects With Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (EV-301)	Phase 3	608	2021-08-24	Ureteral Cancer, Urothelial Cancer, Bladder Cancer	DOCETAXEL, ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN, PACLITAXEL, VINFLUNINE	Open Targets' reading of its record	ClinicalTrials.gov

1 to 10 of 844

See all 844 trials

Comparisons in its trials97

Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.

Comparison	Group 1, with the outcome	Group 2, with the outcome	Participants	Trial	Source
Palbociclib vs Placebo: deaths from any cause	63 of 633	67 of 611	1,244	NCT01864746	Trial comparisons
Palbociclib vs Placebo: serious adverse events	64 of 633	65 of 611	1,244	NCT01864746	Trial comparisons
Enfortumab Vedotin + Pembrolizumab vs Standard of Care: deaths from any cause	133 of 442	226 of 444	886	NCT04223856	Trial comparisons
Enfortumab Vedotin + Pembrolizumab vs Standard of Care: serious adverse events	220 of 440	169 of 433	873	NCT04223856	Trial comparisons
Experimental vs Control: deaths from any cause	151 of 315	175 of 316	631	NCT03963518	Trial comparisons
Enfortumab Vedotin 1.25 mg/kg vs Chemotherapy: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events	290 of 296	288 of 291	587	NCT03474107	Trial comparisons
Enfortumab Vedotin vs Chemotherapy: deaths from any cause	130 of 296	161 of 291	587	NCT03474107	Trial comparisons
Enfortumab Vedotin vs Chemotherapy: serious adverse events	138 of 296	128 of 291	587	NCT03474107	Trial comparisons
Atezolizumab vs Atezolizumab+ Lurbinectedin: Randomized Phase: Number of Participants With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) to Atezolizumab	20 of 239	19 of 242	481	NCT05091567	Trial comparisons
Virtual Counseling (Virtual Counseling Sessions, NRT) vs Enhanced Usual Care (Smoking Assessment, Quitting Advice, Quitline Referral): deaths from any cause	10 of 156	13 of 150	306	NCT03808818	Trial comparisons

1 to 10 of 97

See all 97 comparisons in its trials

Papers from its trials334

The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.

PMID	Listed as	Trials listing it	Source
42266673	RESULT	1	PubMed
42225005	RESULT	1	PubMed
37227734	RESULT	1	PubMed
36984856	RESULT	1	PubMed
36480811	RESULT	1	PubMed
34686353	RESULT	1	PubMed
33793299	RESULT	1	PubMed
33772633	RESULT	1	PubMed
32169783	RESULT	1	PubMed
32029687	RESULT	1	PubMed

1 to 10 of 334

See all 334 papers from its trials

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

Open Targets: 2026-09-18; Open Targets
Drug links and their checks, from Drugs and targets: 2026-09-18; Drugs and targets
ClinicalTrials.gov, from Trials: 2026-11-12; Trials
Comparisons, from Trial comparisons: 2026-03-23; Trial comparisons
PubMed, for the checks: 2026-11-06; PubMed
MeSH, for the checks: 2026-11-10; MeSH

Sources 6

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
Open TargetsCC0 1.0
PubMedNLM's terms

Each source's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
NLM's MeSHNLM's
Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PubMedNLM's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

For software

Read this disease from software.

The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.

GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0004992

GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/MONDO_0004992/drugs?page=2

API reference For AI assistants