Disease · EFO_0009854
treatment resistant depression
6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0
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ConductScience Library. treatment resistant depression. Diseases, record EFO_0009854. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/EFO_0009854
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Disease
Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.
- Name
- treatment resistant depression
- Open Targets ID
- EFO_0009854
- Other names
- TRD, treatment refractory depression
- Highest stage of its drugs
- Phase 3, for 12 of its 22 drugs, from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source Open Targets
Drugs22
The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Type | Open Targets' stage | Stage reported by | Reports | Of them trials | Trials shown here | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESKETAMINE | CHEMBL395091 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 8 | 8 | 8 | Drugs and targets |
| KETAMINE | CHEMBL742 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 7 | 7 | 7 | Drugs and targets |
| PSILOCYBIN | CHEMBL194378 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 3 | 3 | 3 | Drugs and targets |
| AGOMELATINE | CHEMBL10878 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| BUPROPION | CHEMBL894 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| DULOXETINE | CHEMBL1175 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| ESCITALOPRAM | CHEMBL1508 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| MIDAZOLAM | CHEMBL655 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| MINOCYCLINE | CHEMBL1434 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
| MIRTAZAPINE | CHEMBL654 | Small molecule | Phase 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov | 1 | 1 | 1 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 22
See all 22 drugsTargets36
The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.
| Target | Protein | Its drugs that act on it | Mechanisms | Highest stage of those drugs | Gene in Genes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLC6A4 | Monoamine transporter | 5 | Monoamine transporter inhibitor; Serotonin transporter inhibitor | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/6532 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN1 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2902 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN2A | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2903 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN2B | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2904 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN2C | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2905 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN2D | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2906 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN3A | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/116443 | Drugs and targets |
| GRIN3B | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor | 4 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor blocker; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/116444 | Drugs and targets |
| ADRA2A | Adrenergic receptor alpha | 3 | Adrenergic receptor alpha agonist; Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonist; Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/150 | Drugs and targets |
| ADRA2B | Adrenergic receptor alpha | 3 | Adrenergic receptor alpha agonist; Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonist; Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 antagonist | Phase 3 | https://conductscience.org/library/genes/151 | Drugs and targets |
1 to 10 of 36
See all 36 targetsTrials23
Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs.
| Trial | Title | Phase | Participants | Results first posted | Conditions | Drugs | Linked by | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02782104 | A Long-term Safety Study of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Treatment-resistant Depression | Phase 3 | 1,148 | 2024-02-20 | Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | ESKETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT03434041 | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Flexible Doses of Intranasal Esketamine Plus an Oral Antidepressant in Adult Participants With Treatment-resistant Depression | Phase 3 | 252 | 2022-05-24 | Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | ESKETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT02918318 | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Fixed Doses of Intranasal Esketamine in Japanese Participants With Treatment Resistant Depression | Phase 2 | 202 | 2020-10-19 | Depression | ESKETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT05113771 | A Biomarker-Guided, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study of Liafensine in Patients With TRD | Phase 2 | 197 | 2025-05-15 | Treatment Resistant Depression | LIAFENSINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT01179009 | Treatment Resistant Depression (Pilot) | Not applicable | 20 | 2023-09-15 | Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | CLONIDINE, KETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04480918 | University of Iowa Interventional Psychiatry Service Patient Registry | 1,000 | Treatment Resistant Depression, Major Depressive Episode, Major Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | ESKETAMINE, KETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT04209296 | Chart Review of Patients Undergoing Ketamine Infusions | 891 | Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| NCT06713616 | PCORI Comparative Effectiveness Study-Esketamine (Spravato) vs. Ketamine-Equivalence Study | Phase 3 | 400 | Depression | ESKETAMINE, KETAMINE | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT05624268 | Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of COMP360 in Participants With TRD | Phase 3 | 258 | Treatment Resistant Depression | PSILOCYBIN | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov | |
| NCT05066672 | Phase 2 Study of NV-5138 in Adults With Treatment Resistant Depression | Phase 2 | 250 | Treatment Resistant Depression | NV-5138 | Its record names the disease | ClinicalTrials.gov |
1 to 10 of 23
See all 23 trialsComparisons in its trials5
Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.
| Comparison | Group 1, with the outcome | Group 2, with the outcome | Participants | Trial | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esketamine Nasal Spray (IND Phase) vs Esketamine Nasal Spray (OP/MA Phase): Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) | 346 of 458 | 1,052 of 1,110 | 1,568 | NCT02782104 | Trial comparisons |
| Esketamine Nasal Spray (IND Phase) vs Esketamine Nasal Spray (OP/MA Phase): deaths from any cause | 1 of 458 | 8 of 1,110 | 1,568 | NCT02782104 | Trial comparisons |
| Esketamine Nasal Spray (IND Phase) vs Esketamine Nasal Spray (OP/MA Phase): serious adverse events | 5 of 458 | 212 of 1,110 | 1,568 | NCT02782104 | Trial comparisons |
| Ketamine 100-hour Infusion vs Ketamine 40-minute Infusion: deaths from any cause | 0 of 10 | 0 of 10 | 20 | NCT01179009 | Trial comparisons |
| Ketamine 100-hour Infusion vs Ketamine 40-minute Infusion: serious adverse events | 0 of 10 | 0 of 10 | 20 | NCT01179009 | Trial comparisons |
Papers from its trials24
The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.
| PMID | Listed as | Trials listing it | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26509083 | RESULT | 1 | PubMed |
| 26162001 | RESULT | 1 | PubMed |
| 41879760 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 41857871 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 40928787 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 40337754 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 40319349 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 40258990 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
| 39428602 | DERIVED | 2 | PubMed |
| 37558912 | DERIVED | 1 | PubMed |
1 to 10 of 24
See all 24 papers from its trialsData dates
The date of each source this release read.
Sources 6
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
- ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0
- PubMedNLM's terms
Each source's terms
- ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
- ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
- NLM's MeSHNLM's
- Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
- PubMedNLM's terms
ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.
For software
Read this disease from software.
The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/EFO_0009854
GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/EFO_0009854/drugs?page=2