Disease · GO_0042697

menopause

6 sourcesdiseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0

Cite this record

ConductScience Library. menopause. Diseases, record GO_0042697. Release diseases-2026-09-18-0.1.0, 18 Sept 2026. https://conductscience.org/library/diseases/GO_0042697

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Disease

Names and IDs as Open Targets gives them. Its IDs in MeSH, Orphanet, the Disease Ontology and the NCI Thesaurus are those Open Targets states for it.

Name: menopause
Open Targets ID: GO_0042697
Other names: Change of Life, Female
Highest stage of its drugs: Approval, for 13 of its 32 drugs, from DailyMed and EMA Human Drugs

Source Open Targets

Drugs32

The drugs Open Targets' clinical reports study for the disease, the highest stage first, then the most trial reports. The stage is Open Targets', the highest any of its sources reports for the pair, and each row names the sources that report it.

Drug	ChEMBL ID	Type	Open Targets' stage	Stage reported by	Reports	Of them trials	Trials shown here	Source
ESTRADIOL	CHEMBL135	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	37	14	14	Drugs and targets
ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED	CHEMBL1201649		Approval	DailyMed	5	3	2	Drugs and targets
ESTRADIOL VALERATE	CHEMBL1511	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	2	1	1	Drugs and targets
FEZOLINETANT	CHEMBL3608680	Small molecule	Approval	EMA Human Drugs	2	1	1	Drugs and targets
ELINZANETANT	CHEMBL4802157	Small molecule	Approval	EMA Human Drugs	1	0	0	Drugs and targets
ESTETROL	CHEMBL6068423	Small molecule	Approval	EMA Human Drugs	1	0	0	Drugs and targets
ESTRADIOL ACETATE	CHEMBL1200430	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	1	0	0	Drugs and targets
ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED SYNTHETIC A	CHEMBL1201466		Approval	DailyMed	1	0	0	Drugs and targets
ESTROGENS, ESTERIFIED	CHEMBL1201468		Approval	DailyMed	1	0	0	Drugs and targets
ESTROPIPATE	CHEMBL1200980	Small molecule	Approval	DailyMed	1	0	0	Drugs and targets

1 to 10 of 32

See all 32 drugs

Targets10

The targets ChEMBL's mechanism records give for the disease's drugs, through Open Targets, the most drugs first. A mechanism record says what a drug acts on, not that the target causes the disease.

Target	Protein	Its drugs that act on it	Mechanisms	Highest stage of those drugs	Gene in Genes	Source
ESR1	Estrogen receptor	12	Estrogen receptor agonist; Estrogen receptor alpha agonist; Estrogen receptor modulator	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2099	Drugs and targets
ESR2	Estrogen receptor	8	Estrogen receptor agonist; Estrogen receptor modulator	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2100	Drugs and targets
PGR	Progesterone receptor	5	Progesterone receptor agonist	Phase 3	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/5241	Drugs and targets
GNRHR	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor	2	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist	Phase 2/3	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/2798	Drugs and targets
SLC6A4	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	2	Serotonin transporter inhibitor	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/6532	Drugs and targets
TACR3	Neuromedin-K receptor	2	Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/6870	Drugs and targets
AR	Androgen receptor	1	Androgen Receptor agonist	Phase 3	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/367	Drugs and targets
DRD2	D(2) dopamine receptor	1	Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist	Phase 3	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/1813	Drugs and targets
NR3C2	Mineralocorticoid receptor	1	Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist	Unknown	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/4306	Drugs and targets
TACR1	Substance-P receptor	1	Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist	Approval	https://conductscience.org/library/genes/6869	Drugs and targets

Trials27

Trials an Open Targets clinical report links to the disease, posted results first, then the largest. A trial is shown when the release's checks confirm its link to the disease and Drugs and targets shows its link to one of the disease's drugs. 2 more are not shown, since the checks do not confirm them.

Trial	Title	Phase	Participants	Results first posted	Conditions	Drugs	Linked by	Source
NCT01208324	Estrogen and Serotonin on Changing Brain Chemistry	Not applicable	47	2021-04-02	Menopause	ESTRADIOL, FLUOXETINE, TRYPTOPHAN	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01712230	Females, Aging, Metabolism, and Exercise	Not applicable	47	2019-11-22	Obesity	GONADORELIN, GONADORELIN ACETATE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00302731	Bioidentical 'Natural' Hormone Evaluation in Early Menopause	Phase 2	21	2018-05-16	Menopause	ESTRADIOL, ESTRIOL, PROGESTERONE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02224313	Effect of Oral Estradiol and Progesterone Therapy on Vaginal Cytokines in Postmenopausal Women	Phase 3	20	2020-03-19	Menopause	ESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00386022	The Effects of Aging and Estrogen on the Pituitary	Phase 2/3	19	2017-04-13	Healthy	ESTROGEN, GONADORELIN, GONADORELIN ACETATE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04234204	A Study to Find Out if Fezolinetant Helps Reduce Moderate to Severe Hot Flashes in Women in Asia Going Through Menopause	Phase 3	302		Hot Flashes	FEZOLINETANT	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02188225	Comparison of Acupuncture and Fluoxetine on Quality of Life in Menopausal Women	Not applicable	140		Hot Flash, Quality of Life	FLUOXETINE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06343870	Estradiol and Testosterone Subdermal Implants for Menopause Treatment (ESTIME)	Phase 3	140		Menopause, Testosterone Deficiency, Estrogen Deficiency	ESTRADIOL, TESTOSTERONE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00044837	Hormone Replacement Therapy and Anti-HIV Drugs in HIV-Infected, Postmenopausal Women	Phase 1	120		HIV Infections	ESTRADIOL, MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00791856	Bioequivalence of Testosterone Reduced-size Patch Relative to the Testosterone Reference Patch	Phase 1	110		Healthy	TESTOSTERONE	Its record names the disease	ClinicalTrials.gov

1 to 10 of 27

See all 27 trials

Comparisons in its trials4

Comparisons Trial comparisons calculated in the trials shown here, most participants first. A comparison in one of these trials does not always compare a treatment for the disease, so read the two groups.

Comparison	Group 1, with the outcome	Group 2, with the outcome	Participants	Trial	Source
Premenopausal Women vs Postmenopausal Women: deaths from any cause	0 of 10	0 of 10	20	NCT02224313	Trial comparisons
Premenopausal Women vs Postmenopausal Women: serious adverse events	0 of 10	0 of 10	20	NCT02224313	Trial comparisons
Younger PMW vs Older PMW: deaths from any cause	0 of 10	0 of 9	19	NCT00386022	Trial comparisons
Younger PMW vs Older PMW: serious adverse events	0 of 10	1 of 9	19	NCT00386022	Trial comparisons

Papers from its trials18

The papers the trials shown here list on ClinicalTrials.gov as their results (RESULT) or as drawn from them (DERIVED), results first, newest first.

PMID	Listed as	Trials listing it	Source
26271251	RESULT	1	PubMed
26124682	RESULT	1	PubMed
25754617	RESULT	1	PubMed
24569618	RESULT	1	PubMed
22870045	RESULT	1	PubMed
22096248	RESULT	1	PubMed
21072305	RESULT	1	PubMed
20133465	RESULT	1	PubMed
19549740	RESULT	1	PubMed
16414336	RESULT	1	PubMed

1 to 10 of 18

See all 18 papers from its trials

Data dates

The date of each source this release read.

Open Targets: 2026-09-18; Open Targets
Drug links and their checks, from Drugs and targets: 2026-09-18; Drugs and targets
ClinicalTrials.gov, from Trials: 2026-11-12; Trials
Comparisons, from Trial comparisons: 2026-03-23; Trial comparisons
PubMed, for the checks: 2026-11-06; PubMed
MeSH, for the checks: 2026-11-10; MeSH

Sources 6

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTFreely available. Acknowledgement requested
ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0
ClinicalTrials.govNo license stated
NLM's MeSHNLM's terms
Open TargetsCC0 1.0
PubMedNLM's terms

Each source's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's posted results, through CTTI's AACTClinicalTrials.gov data via Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), CTTI. CTTI makes its materials freely available and requests acknowledgement. https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/documentation/299
ChEMBL, through Open TargetsCC BY-SA 3.0, for the parts from ChEMBL. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
ClinicalTrials.govnone stated
NLM's MeSHNLM's
Open TargetsCC0 1.0. Open Targets asks that users cite its latest paper: Buniello et al. 2025, Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery, Nucleic Acids Research 53(D1):D1467, PMID 39657122. Read on 8 Nov 2026 at https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
PubMedNLM's terms

ClinicalTrials.gov's data carry an international copyright outside the United States: https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/terms-conditions.

For software

Read this disease from software.

The record and each of its lists are JSON, twenty rows a page. No key.

GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/GO_0042697

GET https://conductscience.org/api/diseases/v1/GO_0042697/drugs?page=2

API reference For AI assistants